1938 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, Volume 10, 1938

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Contentes Pages: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol ??, 19??

CONTENTS

*Volume 10: Number 1*

Professional staff and buildings, Onderstepoort

Section I: Protozoal Diseases

Surfen C therapy in Trypanosoma congolense infection in bovines and ovines	Van Rensburg, SWJ	13

Auto-sterilization in Trypanosomiases	Parkin, BS	21

The occurrence of Grahamella couchi sp.n. in the multimammate mouse (Mastomys coucha) in South Africa	Neitz, WO	29

The destruction of Piroplasma canis by the neutrophiles and large mononuclear leucocytes	Neitz, WO	33

The occurrence of Nuttallia cynicti sp. n. in the yellow mungoose Cynictis pennicillata in South Africa	Neitz, WO	37

The apperance of Bartonella muris M. Mayer 1921 in the albino and wild rat after splenectomy	Neitz, WO	41

Section II: Parasitology

A monograph of the helminth parasites of the elephant	Van der Westhuysen, OP	49

Section III: Mineral Metabolism and Nutrition

Protein studies. Plant protein I. A comparative study of the growth-promoting properties of the proteins of the peanutmeal, sesamemeal, coprameal, lucernemeal, and cottonseedmeal	Smuts, DB	193

Protein studies. Plant protein II. The biological values of lucernemeal, sesamemeal, peanutmeal, coprameal, cottonseedmeal, and oatmeal	Smuts, DB & Malan, AI	207

Sulphur metabolism. V. The effect of elementary sulphur on fertility, reproduction and lactation in the white rat	Kellermann, JH	221

Section IV: Sheep and Wool

The extraction of wool-grease	Rossouw, SD	229

Section V: Miscellaneous

Automatic control of fixation time of histological specimens	Jackson, C	237


*Volume 10: Number 2*

Section I: Bacteriology

Variation in the colony form of the anthrax bacillus	Sterne, M	245

Section II: Parasitology

South African helminths. Part II. Some Taenias from large wild carnivores	Ortlepp, RJ	253

Section III: Mineral Metabolism and Nutrition

The assimilation of calcium and phosphorus by the growing bovine	Otto, JS	281

Section IV: Plant Physiology and Poisonous Plants

Some physiological aspects of the genus Tribulus	Henrich, M	367

Section V: Toxicology

On the constitution of the bitter principle "Geigerin". I. The isolation of various degradation acids	De Waal, HL	395

The detection of strychnine in carcasses and corpses	Steyn, DG	411

Section VI: Pathology

Quantitative studies upon porphyrin excretion in bovine congenital prophyrinuria (Pink tooth) no. I	Rimington, C, Roets, GCS & Fourie, PJJ	421

A further case of congenital porphyrinuria (pink tooth) in a living grade Friesland cow in South Africa (Cedara case)	Fourie, PJJ & Rimington, C	431

Section VII: Hygiene

A rapid phase test for distinguishing between carotinoid and bile staining of fat in carcasses	Rimington, C & Fourie, PJJ	439

Section VIII: Sheep and Wool

Wool studies. III. The uniformity of a series of fibre thickness measurements on a small sample of medium Merino wool	Malan, AP, Carter, HB & Van Wyk, CM	445

Section IX: Poultry Research

The influence of the protein level of the diet on the growth, egg production, egg weight, and morality of Single Comb White Leghorn pullets	Bronkhorst, JJ	469

The growth promoting qualities of various protein concentrates for Leghorn chickens	Bronkhorst, JJ	481

Author index		503

Subject index		504

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 27

Professional staff and buildings, Onderstepoort
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Anonymous; Du Toit, P.J.
The detection of strychnine in carcasses and corpses
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Steyn, Douw G.; Du Toit, P.J.
This discussion was based on experiments conducted by the author upon twenty-four dogs killed with strychnine and five control dogs which were shot and buried on 7th September, 1933. The remains of these twenty-nine dogs were again exhumed on the 1st and 2nd November,1937, that is, approximately 4 years and two months after they were killed and buried. A description is given of the results of experiments conducted upon the twenty-nine dogs in order to ascertain (a) for what period after death strychnine is still detectable in carcasses and corpses, and (b) what tests are essential in the testing of materials for the presence of strychnine. Strychnine, like so many other organic poisons, disappears from carcasses and corpses in the course of time . 'l'he view so generally held that strychnine is still detectable in carcasses and corpses for periods up to twelve years, or longer, after death appears to be fallacious.
Variation in the colony form of the anthrax bacillus
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Sterne, Max; Du Toit, P.J.
The number of variant forms which can develop in cultures of the anthrax bacillus seems to be very large. (Gratia 1924; Nungester 1929; Stamatin 1934, 1935a, 1935b; Januschke 1935.) Some changes in colony form are so abrupt and occur so regularly that they appear, at first sight, to be stages of a life cycle or a life sequence. For example, all virulent strains investigated here (Sterne 1937a and 1937b) have produced a smooth mucoid growth on serum agar in an atmosphere containing certain concentrations of carbon dioxide; and all have, under such conditions, rapidly and continuously produced avirulent daughter strains. Nevertheless, the majority of variant colony types occur in a more haphazard manner so that it is usually impossible to predict, with any assurance, the changes that will occur in a culture subjected to certain conditions. The results summarized below were obtained during the course of experiments done to see whether any “trends" could be recognized in the dissociation pattern of B. anthracis.
Automatic control of fixation time of histological specimens
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Jackson, Cecil; Du Toit, P.J.
An inexpensive and effective device to facilitate the process of fixing normal and pathological histological specimens in fluids which have a narrow margin of optimum fixation time has been in daily use at Onderstepoort for some years. It has proved of such great convience that it appears advisable to bring it to general notice.
Subject index
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Du Toit, P.J.
Subject index for the Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, Volume 10, nos. 1 and 2, 1938
Author index
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Du Toit, P.J.
Author's index for the Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, Volume 10, nos. 1 and 2, 1938
The extraction of wool-grease
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Rossouw, S.D.; Du Toit, P.J.
The medical importance of wool grease was appreciated by the ancient Greeks as early as 450 B.C. Through mediaeval periods its use is referred to in various writings, and the methods of preparation are discussed. Galen prepared an unguent having wool grease as its basis and this formula has persisted with little change until modern times. Even today it finds a wide application in medicine and particularly veterinary medicine, in the form of lanoline. A method for the extraction of wool grease by means of low boiling point petroleum ether is described.
Sulphur metabolism V. The effect of elementary sulphur on fertility, reproduction and lactation in the white rat
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Kellermann, J.H.; Du Toit, P.J.
When a drug is administered over an extended period of time not only its prophylactic effect but also its influence on reproduction should be considered. Some apparently harmless compounds may, under certain conditions, have disastrous effects on the organism. Therefore, the object of this experiment is to throw light on the effects of sulphur on reproduction and lactation.
The growth promoting qualities of various protein concentrates for Leghorn chickens
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Bronkhorst, J.J.; Du Toit, P.J.
Comparable groups of baby chicks, given meat meal supplements from different sources, did not grow at the same rate, even though the diets were balanced to the same level of protein. The incidence of nutritional para lysis (curled toes) varied also with the meal used. As a protein supplement fishmeal was very much inferior to meatmeal and also to crayfish meal and whale meal. Growth promoting value of fishmeal was greatly enhanced, however, when it was combined with a small amount of brewer's yeast or casein. This improvement was most marked in the case of casein, but yeast apparently supplied some factor which prevented nutritional paralysis.
Protein studies. Plant protein II. The biological values of lucernemeal, sesamemeal, peanutmeal, coprameal, cottonseedmeal and oatmeal
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Smuts, D.B.; Malan, A.L.; Du Toit, P.J.
The conception of biological values of proteins was first introduced by Thomas, who defined biological value as the number of parts of body nitrogen replaced by 100 parts of food protein. His technique, adapted to human beings, was subsequently modified and elaborated by Mitchell (1924) and Boas Fixsen and Jackson (1932) for application to rats, and forms at present the basis of measuring the biological value of proteins by the nitrogen balance sheet method.
The influence of the protein level of the diet on the growth, egg production, egg weight, and morality of Single Comb White Leghorn pullets
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Bronkhorst, J.J.; Du Toit, P.J.
With a basal mash consisting of yellow maize and wheat by-products, 10 per cent, of meatmeal was as satisfactory as 15 or 20 per cent, during the period from 9 weeks to maturity. Age at sexual maturity and subsequent egg yield were unaffected by the different amounts used, but size of egg was directly dependent on the level of meatmeal. On all three rations there was a high mortality, but it was much higher in the group receiving 10 per cent, than in those on higher levels. This was largely accounted for by the prevalence of prolapse on the low level of meatmeal. Here there were 22 cases of prolapse compared with 13 and 3 in groups receiving 15 and 20 per cent, meatmeal. respectively. Prolapse was frequently followed by cannibalism. The occurrence of this disorder did not appear to be influenced by egg size, egg yield, or age at sexual maturity.
Protein studies. Plant protein I. A comparative study of the growth promoting properties of the proteins of the peanutmeal, sesamemeal, coprameal, lucernemeal and cottonseedmeal
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Smuts, D.B.; Du Toit, P.J.
In the course of extensive investigations at this Institute on the mineral deficiencies prevailing under natural conditions of grazing, indications pointing to a total or partial protein deficiency during certain seasons of the year have been observed.
Wool studies III. The uniformity of a series of fibre thickness measurements on a small sample of medium Merino wool
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Malan, A.P.; Carter, H.B.; Van Wyk, C.M.; Du Toit, P.J.
The fibre diameter of wool, being either directly or indirectly associated with a variety of other characteristics, is required in the majority of problems in wool research. It is essential, therefore that the procedure of sampling and the technique of preparing wool for diameter measurement should be placed on a fundamentally sound basis. Various characteristic properties of the material however, complicate the establishment of a sound technique of sampling wool as such does not readily permit a random selection of in individual fibres and any endeavour to select a representative sample of fibres by personal judgment is bound to be biased. In wool studies sampling is absolutely necessary since the preparation of the whole available material for the measurement of fibre diameter is not only practically impossible in other than very small quantities of wool, but also undesirable because it renders the material useless for further investigation.
A monograph of the helminth parasites of the elephant
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Van der Westhuysen, O.P.; Du Toit, P.J.
Since the literature on the helminth parasites of the elephant is extremely scattered and contained in various periodicals, the object of this paper was to attempt to compose a synopsis of all the hitherto known helminth parasites of the Indian and African elephant.
A rapid phase test for distinguishing between carotinoid and bile staining of fat in carcasses
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Rimington, Claude; Fourie, P.J.J.; Du Toit, P.J.
In the routine inspection of carcasses a yellow discolouration of the fats is not infrequently observed, but the significance of this discolouration from a meat inspection point of view depends upon whether it is caused by the impregnation of the tissue with bile (icterus) or is due merely to the presence of harmless, or even beneficial pigments of vegetable origin (pseudo-icterus). Bile is not normally present in significant quantity in the blood or tissues of the healthy adult pig, sheep or bovine and, therefore, the presence of icterus in any of these species can be said to imply a pathological state.
The appearance of Bartonella muris (M. Mayer 1921) in the albino and wild rat after splenectomy
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Neitz, W.O.; Du Toit, P.J.
In 1921 Mayer described Bartonella muris in the blood of rats that had recovered from a severe attack of trypanosomiasis after the treatment with germanin. Further experiments by Mayer, Borchardt and Kikuth in1925 showed that the anaemia and haemoglobinuria in splenectomized rats were produced by B. muris and not by an ultravisible virus as had been suggested by Lauda in 1925.
A further case of congenital porphyrinuria (Pink tooth) in a living grade Friesland cow in South Africa (Cedara case)
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Fourie, P.J.J.; Du Toit, P.J.
A further living case of congenital porphyrinuria is described of a cow which gave birth to a clinically normal heifer calf and showing herself discoloured teeth, porphyrin in urine and faeces and extensive skin lesions of photosensitization.
The occurrence of Nuttallia cynicti sp. n. in the yellow mungoose Cynictis pennicillata in South Africa
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Neitz, W.O.; Du Toit, P.J.
Blood parasites belonging to the family Babesidae have been described in four species of carnivora belonging to the family Viverridae. With the exception of Patton who records only the fact that he has seen piroplasms in the blood of a mungoose, the authors mentioned in the subjoined table have placed the parasites into the genus Nuttallia.
Quantitative studies upon porphyrin excretion in bovine congenital prophyrinuria (Pink tooth) no. I
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Rimington, Claude; Roets, G.C.S.; Fourie, P.J.J.; Du Toit, P.J.
Since the literature reveals little accurate information as to the quantities of porphyrins excreted in congenial prophyrinuria, studies of these bovine eases have been undertaken with a view to ascertaining whether or not fluctuations occurred in the quantities of eopro- and uroporphyrin eliminated with the urine and faeces and if any correlation was to be observed between such data as urine volume and prophyrin output. Not only was it hoped that the result would contribute materially to the elucidation of the disease, considered as a derangement of endogenous pigment metabolism, but we were also anxious to throw further light upon the uneven distribution of porphyrin in the bones of affected animals. The case previously slaughtered slaughtered for examination showed the bone structure, in transverse section, to be stained in rings of darker and lighter colour.
The destruction of Piroplasma canis by the neutrophiles and large mononuclear leucocytes
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1938) Neitz, W.O.; Du Toit, P.J.
The pathological changes observed in piroplasma infection in dogs depend on a number of factors such as the breed, age, general condition of the host, intensity of the infection and duration of the disease. The biliary fever parasites live and feed at the expense of the erythrocytes of which large numbers are destroyed.

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