Research Articles (Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM))

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/1703

The Graduate School of Technology Management was established as a fourth school in the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology with effect from 1 January 2007.

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    Innovation labs as third spaces for addressing anthropogenic climate change and intercultural issues in the Pan-African University
    Bulgrin, Eva; Daniels, Chux (Routledge, 2026)
    Intercultural and postcolonial perspectives are important in understanding the Anthropocene – a global concern that transgresses national boundaries. Empirical evidence shows that the countries in the Global South are disproportionately affected by the anthropogenic effects, which the Global North initiates. This inequality invites us to reflect on anthropogenic impacts from an intercultural and postcolonial perspective. Universities, as centres for intercultural education, are important actors in knowledge production and can offer spaces for negotiation in the pursuit of socio-ecological transformation, particularly in addressing social inequality and climate colonialism. The Pan-African University (PAU), a transnational university across Africa, presents a vision for a different form of organisation and epistemology, which is relevant for intercultural education needed to address the Anthropocene. This article focuses on the role of universities in addressing anthropogenic issues, exemplified by the PAU. It asks what contribution innovation labs provide for addressing anthropogenic and intercultural issues in this context.
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    The use of generative AI tools for students’ research support within higher education institutions’ libraries : a systematic literature review
    Maphosa, Mfowabo; Tlomatsana, Cyril (University of Boras, 2026-05-15)
    INTRODUCTION : The growth of the knowledge economy has led to the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in society, bringing opportunities and challenges in higher education. This study investigates the use of generative AI (genAI) tools for students’ research support within academic libraries and identifies emerging trends and research themes in the literature. METHOD : The PRISMA guidelines were applied to the Web of Science database to collect relevant publications: seventy-one publications were selected for analysis from 256 identified items. ANALYSIS : We used VOSViewer software to analyse the seventy-one publications. The keyword analysis through VOSViewer allowed the identification of the research hotspots and the research focus areas. RESULTS : The reviewed publications covered eighteen research areas, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of generative AI. Three research clusters representing three research areas were identified using VOSViewer. First, generative AI is reshaping the learning experiences of students in higher education; secondly, the role of academic libraries is evolving to accommodate changes brought forth by such tools; and thirdly, ChatGPT and other chatbots are being used to improve reference services for students. CONCLUSION : This study highlights key trends, identifies research gaps, and suggests future directions for using generative AI tools within academic libraries to support students in their research activities, which could be extended into information literacy programmes.
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    Development of an open and frugal innovation roadmap to increase the diffusion of timber construction in Kenya
    Kathambi, Elosy; Hassan, Ferdinand Senam; Grobbelaar, Schalk (Taylor and Francis, 2026)
    The dominance of materials such as concrete and masonry continues to limit the use of timber products in Kenya’s construction industry. Yet, growing global concerns over the environmental impacts of these materials have intensified the need to adopt alternatives with lower energy intensity and carbon emissions. This study aimed to enhance the adoption of timber construction in Kenya by identifying barriers, assessing stakeholder perceptions, and proposing actionable solutions. Drawing on responses from 110 industry stakeholders, the study finds that while timber is viewed as a sustainable and attractive material for construction, concerns regarding its durability, fire safety, and regulatory limitations are significant barriers to its adoption. Increasing public awareness, improving training and skills development, and strengthening collaboration among industry professionals and policymakers are identified as key strategies for promoting timber adoption. The study applies principles of open and frugal innovation to develop practical recommendations that aim to strengthen the adoption of timber construction in Kenya. These recommendations are consolidated into an implementation roadmap that outlines strategies tailored to the local context, guiding industry stakeholders. The findings from this study align with Kenya’s sustainability goals, reinforcing the benefits of timber construction and ultimately promoting its adoption within the local context.
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    A dynamic model to sustain the spark : hw do network coordinators in Dutch healthcare networks maintain network commitment?
    Roest , Manon; Van der Smissen, Doris; Mannak, Remco; Oerlemans, Leon A.G.; Weggelaar-Jansen, Anne Marie (Public Library of Science, 2025-07-22)
    CONTEXT : In the Netherlands inter-organizational networks have been established to drive long-term healthcare improvement on a regional and national scale. Managing healthcare networks is challenging, especially in sustaining participants' active engagement. This study aims to empirically explore why participants' network commitment declined and how network commitment was managed by network coordinators. METHODS : We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using purposive sampling we held semi-structured interviews with representatives from 18 Dutch healthcare improvement networks. RESULTS : Respondents mentioned that allocated time and continued participant commitment was required to reach their goals. A key challenge was the decline in participant commitment over time due to misalignment of goals and needs, slow progress, lack of reciprocity, and resistance to change at the organizational level. Approaches to manage this were collaborative reassessment of goals and needs, expectation management, setting preconditions and fostering personal relationships. DISCUSSION : Our findings highlight the importance of strategic timing of managerial approaches and their interdependencies with social mechanisms. These insights contribute theoretically to Ring and Van de Ven's framework on developmental processes of cooperative interorganizational relationships and offer practical guidance for network managers aiming to maintain long-term commitment.
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    Exploring the impact of gamification on employee engagement and knowledge sharing during a merger : a case study of a South African advertising agency
    Palunčić, Daniella (Routledge, 2026)
    This study examines whether and how perceptions of a gamified knowledge-sharing platform were statistically associated with multidimensional employee engagement and knowledge-sharing behaviors during the merger of two South African advertising agencies. Drawing on gamification theory, Self-Determination Theory, and the three-dimensional model of employee engagement, the study tests a mediated framework linking gamification perceptions to behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement, and subsequently to knowledge sharing and perceived merger integration. Using cross-sectional survey data (N = 134) and structural equation modeling, results indicate that gamification perceptions were positively associated with all three engagement dimensions, with cognitive engagement demonstrating the strongest association with knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing partially mediated the relationship between gamification perceptions and perceived merger integration. A cross-sectional explanatory design was adopted to examine theoretically derived associations within a single merger case context. Given the single-organization setting and moderate sample size, findings are interpreted as contextually bounded statistical associations rather than evidence of causal effects or broad generalizability. The study contributes through contextual validation and theoretical refinement by demonstrating how differentiated engagement mechanisms operate under merger-related uncertainty and by positioning knowledge sharing as a process linking digital intervention perceptions to integration outcomes in a knowledge-intensive setting.
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    Transformative innovation policy in energy transition and digitalization : a geopolitical and security perspective
    Kivimaa, Paula; Daniels, Chux; Jayaram, Dhanasree (Oxford University Press, 2025)
    Geopolitics and global security increasingly shape the conditions for energy innovation and innovation-industrial policies and, hence, also transformative innovation policy (TIP) that aims for systemic innovation generating environmentally and societally beneficial systemic change. Connections between TIP and security/geopolitics have been less explicit previously but have heightened after the global geopolitical context has become more turbulent, with many countries increasingly oriented to protectionism and narrow conception of security. This paper contributes to an emerging debate on TIP, security, and geopolitics, drawing examples from the energy and digital sectors. It centres on the core principle of TIP—directionality—to explore potential interconnections with geopolitics and security. It also provides an overview of the interconnections between transformative innovation and geopolitics/security in three continental contexts: energy transition in Europe and Asia, and digitalization in Africa. Via exploring the phenomenon in the three contexts, we find that, although increasing attention is given to directionalities towards environmental and social sustainability, the prioritization of economic growth and traditional security appear to undermine them. Directionality is essential for realizing sustainability in a world undergoing energy transitions and rapid digitalization. Yet, recent global security and geopolitics developments may mostly hinder TIP-based directionalities in practice, unless specific policy focus and experimentation is placed at finding and employing synergies.
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    Assessing the feasibility of structural timber construction in South Africa
    Hassan, Ferdinand Senam; Grobbelaar, Schalk (Taylor and Francis, 2026)
    This study assessed the feasibility of timber as a structural construction material in the South African construction industry by assessing the perspectives of industry stakeholders. Using an online survey, the study collected the views of 94 stakeholders. Respondents considered timber superior to brick, concrete, and steel in attributes such as ease of construction, speed of construction, and appearance. They considered timber similar in quality and durability to other materials but inferior in the local supply of materials and skillset. The study has also shown that negative perceptions of timber, the lack of skills and knowledge, and cost concerns are perceived barriers limiting timber adoption in South Africa. Recommendations for increased adoption of timber construction include the promotion of timber, pilot projects and training. This paper contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on timber and addresses the need for more literature on timber construction within the South African context. It also offers valuable insights into the differing perspectives of individuals with and without timber construction and design experience, providing a basis for further analysis.
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    Optimizing the distributed telecoms asset maintenance practice using blockchain and digital twin technologies
    Okeyia, Charles; De Almeida, Nuno Marques; Amad-Echendu, Joe; Asongu, Simplice A. (Sage, 2026-02)
    This article explores the potential of blockchain technology (BCT) and digital twins (DTs) to revolutionize the management of distributed telecom infrastructure assets in developing countries. By addressing the electricity supply challenge and enhancing asset maintenance, these technologies provide opportunities for the future of telecom infrastructure in these regions. Based on an empirical review using data from quantitative and qualitative approaches, including semi-structured interviews and survey questions, the results show that blockchain and DT technologies are not only promising but also significantly enhance the efficiency of optimizing distributed telecoms asset maintenance practices. These technologies enable predictive maintenance activities, real-time visibility, and escalation of asset functionality and faults, providing reassurance about their effectiveness.
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    Blockchain and digital technologies in the telecommunications industry
    Okeyia, Charles; De Almeida, Nuno Marques; Amad-Echendu, Joe; Asongu, Simplice A. (Wiley, 2026-03)
    This article examines how fourth industrial revolution (4IR) technologies, specifically blockchain and digital twin technologies, can be utilized to address the energy supply challenge and enhance the management of distributed telecom infrastructure assets in a research context. The emphasis is on how blockchain and digital twin technologies can be applied to improve asset maintenance activities. Following a systematic review of the existing literature and the development of a model, the research methodology involves the use of structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews—a mixed-methods approach based on operational data on the asset's functionality. The findings from the asset data suggest that the adoption of blockchain and digital twin technologies substantially enhances the effective functionality of assets installed in telecoms-based stations. However, the intricacy of integrating these 4IR technologies with conventional assets, as well as evidence from questionnaires and interviews, further suggests that they provide a foundation for the digitalization of maintenance methods, resulting in substantial improvements in operational and maintenance effectiveness and efficiency. The blockchain and digital twin technologies accelerate a predictive maintenance method by proactively identifying unexpected asset failures, thereby lowering mean time to repair and operating expenditures.
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    A scientometric analysis of science outputs and the political economy undergirding science in southern Africa
    Nyamukachi, Pfungwa Michelle; Pouris, Anastassios (Springer, 2026)
    This paper examines scientific knowledge production in the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) region over the period 2000 – 2022. Research productivity in the region is uneven, with South Africa contributing the majority of outputs, while other member states are marginal contributors. Health related fields account for the largest share of publications, followed by agriculture/environmental sciences, with engineering, energy and applied sciences underrepresented. Research collaboration is largely external, oriented toward Europe and the United States, while intra-African collaboration still limited. Structural challenges, including persistent underinvestment in research and development; weak research infrastructure, and human resource constraints, limit research efforts and research sovereignty. The study combines bibliometric analysis with an examination of the political economy of science, providing an integrated perspective rarely applied in regional analyses. By highlighting the critical role of sustainable domestic funding for research, talent development and stronger regional collaboration—the findings underscore the pressing need for policies to build more resilient and sovereign African research systems aligned with national and regional development goals.
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    The emotional drive towards entrepreneurship
    Pettersen, Inger Beate; Van der Lingen, Elma; Åmo, Bjørn Willy (Sage, 2026)
    Emotions are inherently embedded in the entrepreneurial process and are highly influential in driving entrepreneurship. The role of emotions in entrepreneurship education (EE) has also been documented, but knowledge is still scarce. This empirical study explores the role of emotion in EE in shaping students’ entrepreneurial competencies and identities. Through an exploration of Kolb’s learning styles (KLS), we empirically scrutinize the correlation between these styles—Doing, Observing, Reasoning, and Emotions—and students' confidence, control, and competence, as gauged by Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy (ESE) and Entrepreneurial Identity Aspiration (EIA). The study addresses whether a relationship exists between KLS and ESE/EIA, and if specific learning styles, notably Emotions, influence students’ thinking and entrepreneurial behavior. While Doing, Reasoning, and Observing exhibit moderate or no linkages with ESE and EIA, Emotions emerge as a potent influencer, demonstrating a robust positive connection with both constructs. Emotions, as a preferred learning style, significantly relates to students' control, confidence (ESE), and aspirations to become entrepreneurs (EIA). This study sheds light on an underexplored intersection between students’ learning styles and entrepreneurial self-efficacy/identity, emphasizing the role emotions play in fostering entrepreneurial learning. The study also underscores the need for targeted pedagogical approaches that harness the influence of emotions in entrepreneurship education.
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    Life cycle assessment of external impacts and external costs of a potential offshore wind farm off the Southern African coast
    Ibrahim, Hanif Auwal; Thopil, George Alex (Elsevier, 2025-10)
    Southern Africa’s abundant untapped offshore wind resources present a promising opportunity for advancing the region’s transition to cleaner and affordable energy while mitigating climate change. Evaluating potential greenhouse gas (GHG) and non-GHG impacts, together with the life cycle costs associated with offshore wind farms, is critical in determining the overall sustainability of the energy system. By carrying out a life cycle assessment (LCA) of a potential 799.20 MW offshore wind farm, this study aims to fill existing gaps in literature. Findings from the study indicate that climate change impacts contribute 34.61 gCO2eq/kWh, while human health impacts are the most significant non-GHG impact at 0.49 g/kWh. The offshore wind farm’s total life cycle cost ranges from 4.29 to 5.97 ZAc/kWh (2.21–3.08 €/MWh), with a central cost of 5.30 ZAc/kWh (2.73 €/MWh). Lifecycle costs attributed to GHG costs (1.68 ZAc/kWh; 0.86 €/MWh) and human health costs (3.42 ZAc/kWh; 1.76 €/MWh) contribute to 96.5 % of the total central cost. External costs per unit of electricity generated are lower compared to other electricity generation technologies including onshore wind, due to the large generation capacity of the offshore wind farm.
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    Cash flow risk management across multiple construction projects using value at risk
    Didar, Ensiyeh; Bazargan, Amirhossein; Bagherpour, Morteza (Emerald, 2026)
    PURPOSE : Managing cash flow risk across multiple concurrent construction projects presents significant challenges due to inherent uncertainties and complexities, which can jeopardize a company’s financial stability and project success. This research aims to develop a robust and reliable model for effective cash flow prediction and risk management in the construction industry. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : We propose a novel framework that integrates value at risk (VaR) with simulation-based optimization techniques to quantify and manage the impact of various financial risks on cash flow across multiple projects. This robust predictive method combines theoretical and practical approaches, advancing existing cash flow management practices in construction project management and finance. FINDINGS : The study demonstrates that traditional cash flow management methods often fail to account for the cumulative risks in multi-project environments. Our approach effectively mitigates the adverse effects of financial volatility by providing a probabilistic assessment of potential losses, ensuring alignment of cash flows with established baselines and thereby improving project outcomes and financial resilience. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : This research makes a significant contribution by introducing an innovative method that applies VaR to construction cash flow management for multiple concurrent projects – a novel application in this context. By addressing the major difficulties of quantifying and managing financial risks in complex project portfolios, our approach offers new insights and practical tools for enhancing financial planning, risk management and overall resilience in the construction industry.
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    Conditions of project knowledge transfer events: a qualitative exploration of configurations
    Van Waveren, Cornelis Cristo; Oerlemans, Leon A.G.; Pretorius, Marthinus W. (Emerald, 2026-12)
    PURPOSE : Transferring project knowledge is challenging due to the temporary nature and the intense focus on deliverables and milestones. Existing transfer models often overlook the various conditions for project knowledge transfer and the configurations of conditions that shape these transfer events. This exploratory study seeks to deepen understanding of these conditions and their configurations. To achieve this, we address the following research questions: which conditions influence project knowledge transfer and which configurations of conditions can be observed in project knowledge transfer events? DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH : A literature review revealed a lack of systematic theoretical and empirical knowledge regarding specific conditions and configurations that affect project knowledge transfer events. To address this gap, 20 project knowledge-sharing events were examined using an exploratory, qualitative research design. FINDINGS : A range of conditions for project knowledge transfer could be identified, which were grouped into three clusters: characteristics of the relationship between the actors involved in project knowledge transfer, tools and techniques and facilitators such as co-location. By applying the principle of equifinality, three configurations of conditions emerged: a formalistic, authoritative and interactive configuration of conditions of knowledge transfer events. ORIGINALITY/VALUE : This paper contributes to advancing a configurational approach to project-related knowledge transfer. Such a holistic perspective helps researchers and practitioners understand how different elements interact to produce outcomes. It is particularly valuable in complex, real-world contexts, such as project-based knowledge transfer.
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    Managing variations in meaning : guidance for using complexity and related terms
    Sutherland, Joshua; Beale, Dean; Dazzi, Francesco; Singer, Janet; Smith, Gary; Oosthuizen, Rudolph; Lanza, Alfonso; Cureton, Ken; McKinney, Dorothy (Wiley, 2026-01)
    The term “Complexity” is widely used across disciplines, where it often represents distinct but related concepts such as complicatedness, emergence, difficulty, uncertainty, and chaos. This variability in usage can create miscommunication and misunderstanding, even within structured organizations like the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE). This paper addresses this challenge by offering guidance tailored to three primary audiences—General/Casual, Practitioner, and Research—on using and interpreting “Complexity” effectively across trans-disciplinary contexts. Unlike efforts that prescribe a single definition, the approach here respects the variety of interpretations while providing techniques and ontologies to clarify usage. To illustrate, the paper compares different “Complexity” definitions, fostering awareness of both the similarities and distinctions. By promoting a common understanding, rather than a definition, this paper lays essential groundwork for future initiatives aimed at developing a unified scientific basis for “Complexity”, enabling clearer, more consistent communication, and application.
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    The adoption of Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) in South Africa will reduce the combined cost of embedded solar generation and driving
    Walwyn, David Richard (Academy of Science of South Africa, 2026-01)
    Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are essential to global decarbonisation roadmaps and are being increasingly adopted in many countries. However, significant techno-economic barriers remain before the adoption of BEVs becomes widespread in the Global South. Issues include higher costs, grid instability due to high electricity demand during peak periods, lack of recharging infrastructure and restrictive driving ranges relative to internal combustion engines. Vehicle-2-Grid (V2G) can play a critical part in load balancing (peak shaving) and reducing costs for BEV owners. In this study, the potential of V2G was explored in more detail, looking at the development of appropriate hardware and software for V2G, the techno-economic assessment of V2G from a user and system perspective, and policy measures to support uptake of electric vehicles. The study shows that households with V2G-enabled BEVs achieve cost parity with households with internal combustion engine vehicles. Systems which connect BEVs to V2G, and supportive V2G metering and tariff policies, would accelerate BEV adoption in emerging markets. SIGNIFICANCE : • Small-scale embedded solar (SSES) is an expensive option for homeowners; the levelised cost of energy is double the cost of power from Eskom. • 2G is an attractive option for SSES owners if the vehicle is charged from SSES during the day. • The calculated annual worth of a BEV with SSES is equivalent to the base case of a fossil-fuel-based vehicle and grid-based energy. • Using an optimal charging strategy, BEVs can reduce grid-based electricity demand and travel costs. • Bidirectional metering, V2G and time-of-use tariffs will be essential for the migration to BEVs.
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    An alternative to higher energy tariffs : extracting unused capacity from small-scale embedded solar
    Walwyn, David Richard (Academy of Science of South Africa, 2026-01)
    Small-scale embedded solar (SSES) is already widespread in South Africa, driven by declining photovoltaic (PV) costs, rising electricity tariffs and grid instability. Nevertheless, the further expansion of SSES is constrained by its affordability and disincentives for energy trading. Real-time data from a 6.5 kWp PV with an 8/10 kWh battery were used to evaluate the techno-economic performance of SSES, focusing on the economic rationale for bidirectional metering and prosumer integration. It is shown that the levelised cost of energy is 75% higher than the cost of grid-based electricity. An important contributor to the high cost is the extent of unused generation capacity (50%). Scenario modelling shows that if this excess energy were sold to the grid, electricity distributors would realise significant revenue gains, fully justifying their initial subsidy of the metering and certification costs. This study concludes that enabling prosumer participation through municipality-funded bidirectional metering would stimulate SSES registration and partially offset the need for future tariff increases, offering a cost-effective pathway toward a more inclusive and sustainable energy transition in South Africa. SIGNIFICANCE : • Eskom and local authorities are foregoing a strategic opportunity to profit from low-cost SSES energy. • SSES is an expensive option for homeowners; the levelised cost of energy is 75% higher than the cost of grid-based electricity. • A major barrier to authorised interconnection and energy trading is the additional cost of registration and bidirectional meters. • The benefit to cost ratio of interconnection for electricity distributors is 5.2:1. • Eskom and municipalities should subsidise these costs to drive energy affordability and resilience.
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    Trends in sustainable agricultural supply chain management
    Bai, Yan; Jiang, Dongdon; Pretorius, Leon (Czestochowa University of Technology, 2025)
    Sustainability in Agricultural Supply Chains (ASC) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that has recently garnered increasing attention from scholars. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of research in sustainable ASC based on an extensive analysis of Scopus and Web of Science databases. The study maps the research landscape by examining key aspects such as time distribution, journal trends, research fields, quantitative methods, and other bibliometric factors. The paper highlights research hotspots and identifies future trends, with a particular focus on (1) sustainable dimensions in ASC, (2) intelligent ASC, (3) the traceability of agricultural products, and (4) the role of e-commerce in enhancing agricultural product distribution. The novelty of this study lies in its systematic approach to bridging the gap between research on sustainable supply chain systems and ASC, areas that have been largely studied independently. By analyzing a broad range of studies, this paper provides an integrated perspective that fosters a deeper understanding of sustainable ASC systems. The results show a significant upward trend in publications, indicating growing scholarly interest in sustainable ASC. The study also reveals a gradual shift towards focusing on sustainable value chains as critical for food security. Additionally, the paper synthesizes various sustainable dimensions, mathematical models, and solution approaches for ASC management. This review proposes emerging research trends in sustainable ASC management and offers suggestions for future studies. It aims to stimulate a more comprehensive and interdisciplinary research agenda, particularly in the integration of sustainability, technology, and traceability within ASC.
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    Enhancing organisational resilience through systems thinking
    Manzini, Dumisan; Oosthuizen, Rudolph; Chikwanda, Hilda (Elsevier, 2025-07-21)
    In the face of complex challenges driven by technological advancements and global crises, organisations must develop better strategies for survival and sustainability. The paper introduces a conceptual model for measuring and assessing organisational resilience rooted in systems thinking (ST) methodologies. It is tailored to service organisations, addressing disruptions caused by digital transformation (DT). The study employs a PRISMA protocol to review articles from academically respected research databases. A total of 155 documents were included in the final analysis to compile the research paper. The systematic literature review (SLR) identified crucial dimensions of organisational resilience, their interrelationships, and the gap in developing a resilience framework for the service industry. These are captured in a graphical conceptual model using ST tools as a novel method to show the key organisational resilience dimensions and their interactions. A Systemigram holistically visualises the complex structure of organisational resilience dimensions and their interconnections. This structure supported the development of a conceptual causal loop diagram (CLD) that illustrates how DT drives environmental disruption, impacting organisation's stability and resilience. These dynamic internal and external changes driven by technology, innovation, and evolving customer needs influence organisational resilience. This proposed framework can aid organisations in making informed strategic decisions to improve resilience and a sustainable future.
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    A conceptual framework for timber adoption in the construction industry
    Verhage, B.; Hassan, Ferdinand Senam; Grobbelaar, Schalk (South African Institute of Industrial Engineers, 2025-08-29)
    ENGLISH : This study explored the key human behavioural factors influencing the adoption of timber and engineered wood products in the construction industry by integrating the key constructs of the theory of planned behaviour and the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. The study identified relationships between attitude towards behaviour and performance expectancy, subjective norm and social influence, perceived behavioural control and facilitating conditions, and effort expectancy in the context of timber adoption. The proposed framework provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the adoption of timber in the construction industry.