Theses and Dissertations (Informatics)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/31927

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A theory of enterprise architecture management performance
(University of Pretoria, 2024-11) Van Deventer, Jacobus Philippus (J.P.); u19184329@tuks.co.za; Mbuya, Donald Penn
Problem and objective: Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) as a strategic management discipline has the potential to improve organisational performance. There are numerous claims that EAM benefits have a positive impact on organisational performance, yet empirical evidence is scarce and conjectural. Research articulating how EAM performance constructs interact synergistically to improve EAM performance itself and, hence organisational performance is elusive. In other words, the EAM value adding mechanism and dynamics to organisations is not only well understood but also insufficiently researched. The main objective of this research was to elucidate how EAM performance constructs interact harmoniously to improve the performance of EAM itself and thus, organisational performance consolidated into a holistic, analytical, explanatory, and predictive model or theory of EAM performance. Methodology: Relevant papers were identified via a systematic literature review and thematically analysed. Snowballing and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data. Performance constructs from the task-technology fit theory, fit-viability theory, and organisational performance motivation theories were integrated to derive a parsimonious, yet comprehensive model of constructs that influence EAM performance and thus, that of an organisation. A global sample (N=243) was analysed using structural equation modelling to validate the model or theory. Research findings: Model fit results were as follows: RMSEA=0.04, SRMR=0.06, Chisq/df=1.29, CFI=0.90 and TLI=0.90) were within the acceptable range of model fitness. The results indicate that EAM job-fit EAM technology (p=0.048) and EAM organisational viability (p=0.000) are significant predictors of EAM performance. They also show that EAM performance (p=0.017) is a significant predictor of organisational performance. The correlation between EAM personnel-fit organisation (p=0.104) and organisational performance was inconclusive. These findings contribute to improving understanding of how EAM adds value to organisations thereby addressing a notable gap in current empirical research. Conclusion : EAM performance is a significant predictor of organisational performance. The study advances the epistemology of EAM by presenting a novel and significant contribution to the current understanding of EAM and its impact on critical organisational performance outcomes. Researchers are invited to validate and extend with it with a larger sample size (N≥300) as an established contemporary Information systems theory. Implications for practice and academia: The theory should be applied to measure and improve the performance of the EAM practice and thus, organisational performance. For academia, the predictive properties of the theory should be tested globally or in a unique context like an organisation or a country in the form of a case study. Modifying and extending the theory remains an opportunity for future research.Originality/Novelty: The theory is a creative and innovative integration of the task-technology fit theory, fit-viability theory, and organisational performance motivation theories applied in the context of EAM performance correlated with organisational performance.
Improving knowledge acquisition with obsolescence planning : the case of the Zambian civil service
(University of Pretoria, 2024-09) Van Deventer, J.P.; klukwesa@gmail.com; Lukwesa, Katongo
The study examines how the knowledge state affects performance in Zambia's civil service and proposes a solution through obsolescence planning. The research develops a framework that informs a model, supported by a structured template for data collection and analysis. The study's key contribution to academia is its introduction of new methods for addressing knowledge acquisition. In IT, it offers innovative techniques and models for managing knowledge obsolescence. For practitioners, it provides a model to improve knowledge acquisition strategies, ultimately enhancing decision-making and service delivery in the civil service.
Understanding the use of pejorative language in massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs)
(University of Pretoria, 2024-09) Hattingh, Maria J. (Marie); Matthee, Machdel C.; kncharlotte31@gmail.com; Namane, Kedibone Charlotte
Massively multiplayer online games (MMOG) contribute approximately 26 billion USD with approximately 1.1 billion players. Research has shown that many of the players are teenagers and young adults. Furthermore, these games can have a powerful influence on the players and their lives outside the online game. Ample research exists on the prevalence of toxic behaviour during gameplay, including bullying, harassment, and cheating. Less research is available on language use, and more specifically, the use of pejorative language during the playing of MMOG. Existing research on this topic indicates a gap in understanding the linguistic habits of gamers during gameplay. Exposure to toxicity and profanity (such as pejorative language use) during MMOG play can have repercussions such as relational aggression in adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of MMOG players’ perceptions of pejorative language use in MMOGs. In addition, the study aims to understand how other players account for the strong presence of pejorative language and expletives in player discourse. The research study adopted a grounded theory methodology to develop a theoretical model, which draws on the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) model, to understand the use of pejorative language in MMOGs by explaining different stressors that result in the use of pejorative language in MMOGs. This research took a qualitative approach in examining the main concerns of using pejorative language in MMOGs as perceived by the players. Twelve interviews were conducted before theoretical saturation was reached. These participants supplied rich data for the researcher to draw on due to their gaming experience. The data gathered led to the emergence of a substantive theory, “Understanding the Use of Pejorative Language in MMOGs”. The theory proposes that game language and competition (both inter-team and intra-team) are influenced by the type of game played. The influence of these core categories will, in turn, play a role in the actual language behaviour, which, in the context of this study, has been identified as pejorative. The actual language behaviour depends on the different gaming platforms and the moderation and medium of communication used in these platforms. Some outcomes then result from the actual language behaviour. The SSO model was used to explain and expand on the relationships between the core categories. This study's primary contribution to the body of knowledge is a theoretical understanding of MMOG players' perceptions of pejorative language use in MMOGs. To the best of the researcher’s knowledge, this study is the first to describe the use of pejorative language in MMOGs supported by qualitative data.
The impact of ChatGPT on the role of software developers
(University of Pretoria, 2024-12) Hattingh, Maria J. (Marie); u21825484@tuks.co.za; Mohammad Hashim, Sadaf
This study investigates the evolving roles and challenges faced by software developers as AI tools such as ChatGPT become increasingly embedded in software development workflows. The research utilizes Activity Theory to analyse shifts in developers’ responsibilities, skill sets, and collaborative interactions within software teams. The methodology features a qualitative approach that includes semi-structured interviews to capture in-depth, detailed perspectives from software developers familiar with ChatGPT. Participants were chosen through purposive sampling on LinkedIn, emphasizing a wide variety of developers to represent different levels of expertise and industry experiences. This strategy guarantees a thorough examination of the subjective effects of AI integration, grounded in the practical insights and views of those directly impacted. The thematic analysis of the interview data reveals that while ChatGPT improves efficiency by handling routine tasks, it also raises issues regarding dependency, skill degradation, and possible job loss, particularly for less experienced developers. This research offers important insights for developers and organizations to comprehend the broader effects of AI integration in software development, contributing to discussions about workforce adaptation.
The study of employee performance when implementing agile practices in a South African IT workforce
(University of Pretoria, 2024-10) Hanslo, Ridewaan; hr.mookadam@gmail.com; Mookadam, Muhammad Hamid Raza
Agile practices were introduced as a result of an increase in software development projects failing. Adoption of agile practices have increased in South African IT workforces. Agile practices have transformed software development processes significantly. A value of agile practices is placing high focus on the human element of agile that brings about the importance of employee performance. There have been no comprehensive studies in a South African context on employee performance when implementing agile practices. This study addresses the gap to explore employee performance in agile practices within South African IT workforces. The study aimed to explore employee performance in agile environments for IT workforces in South Africa. The objective of this study was to assess how agile practices influence employee performance. An interpretivist mono-method qualitative approach was used, with the use of interviews as a research strategy. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with agile practitioners from various roles, to understand their subjective realities on agile practices and their influence on employee performance from their perception. The Expectancy theory was used as a lens to guide this study. The Expectancy theory guided the interview questions that were categorised into various variables and assisted the researcher when analysing the data using thematic analysis. The benefits, challenges and additional support requirements of agile practices were investigated. Furthermore, aspects of agile practices that influence employee performance and guide successful projects were studied. Agile ceremonies and the value it provides were considered. Lastly, outcomes obtained when using agile practices were discussed. Our results indicated that agile practices influence employee performance significantly with participants reporting on aspects which included planning, communication, employee development and well-being, collaboration, team culture and progress. Additionally, our results reported obstacles when using agile practices that included adoption, team engagement, leadership and instilling an agile mindset. Additional support that was found from participants in using agile more effectively were training, adoption and acceptance and having an agile coach present. Agile practices influence employee performance in South African IT workforces by fostering improved team dynamics, enhanced collaboration, improved efficiencies, risk management, planning, continuous improvement, learning, personal development and well-being. Conclusively, our findings suggested that if agile challenges are addressed and additional support is provided, employee performance can be improved extensively.
A conceptual framework for the design and development of scholarly assessment instruments in higher education
(University of Pretoria, 2024-10-31) De Villiers, Carina; wpcmare@gmail.com; Van Amerom, Wilhelmina Phillipina Catharina
Assessment illiteracy amongst higher education lecturers undermines effective assessment practices. The non-mandatory nature of assessor training that appears amongst non-educationally trained lecturers in South African higher education diminishes the quality of assessment practices to that of being unscholarly, unprincipled and disorganised. Grounded in Design Science Research the main aim of this research study was to conceptualise a framework for the design and development of scholarly assessment instruments in higher education, validated by an expert panel and informed by the General Systems Theory (GST) of Von Bertalanffy (1968). It was argued that strengthening the assessment literacy of lecturers might promote scholarly thinking when reflecting on, designing and developing an assessment instrument. Sixteen lecturers from four academic departments residing in two different schools/faculties were sampled and data was collected using a mixed methods research design. The research participants were subjected to two cognitive mapping sessions, two semi-structured interviews and a workshop intervention resulting in the development of seven interconnected and interdependent information and technology artifacts, namely, an Assessment Literacy Baseline Assessment (ALBA) diagnostic tool, a Scholarly Interpretation Mapping Method (SIMM) consisting of scholarly interpretation steps, a scholarly visualisation method and contextualised taxonomy handouts, a Scholarly Assessment Instrument Design (SAID) workshop, a Scholarly Assessment Instrument Design and Development Application (SAIDA) and a Scholarly Principled Approach to the Practice of Assessment Instrument Design and Development (SPPAIDD). In a higher education institution (such as the selected university), where assessment literacy training is not compulsory, it was found that customised, contextualised assessment instrument design and development advising and training, embedded in a model of cognition using an established learning taxonomy and the amplification of lecturers’ cognition through the visualisation of the assessment instrument design and development process via a software application, can strengthen lecturers’ assessment literacy levels. It is concluded that a scholarly approach to the design and development of assessment instruments is an under-researched phenomenon in the South African higher education context and that a conceptual framework for the promotion of a scholarly approach to the practice of assessment instrument design and development, is long overdue.
Barriers to cyber hygiene in hybrid work environments : a case study of a Lesotho development parastatal
(University of Pretoria, 2025-01-10) Matthee, Machdel C.; le.nkhabu@gmail.com; Nkhabu, Lebohang Alexis
The study investigates and explores the critical intersection of cybersecurity and human behaviour within the context of hybrid work settings. This study focuses on the unique cybersecurity challenges of remote work within hybrid work environments, particularly the barriers to maintaining cyber hygiene when working outside controlled office settings, as demonstrated in a Lesotho development parastatal. The research employs a qualitative methodology, utilising interviews with IT specialists, managers and end-users to identify vulnerabilities stemming from inadequate cyber hygiene practices. It aims to elucidate how these barriers contribute to cybersecurity risks and to propose actionable strategies for enhancing individual and organisational cyber hygiene. The theoretical framework is grounded in Social Cognitive Theory, highlighting the influence of personal behaviour on broader environmental and organisational security outcomes. Key findings indicate that factors such as demographic differences, environmental constraints, organisational structure and culture, and awareness significantly impact users' cybersecurity behaviours. The study concludes that improving cyber hygiene is essential for mitigating risks associated with remote work, ultimately contributing to a more secure digital environment. This research not only addresses the immediate concerns of cybersecurity in hybrid work environments, but also provides insights applicable to similar organisations globally, fostering a culture of cybersecurity awareness and resilience.
Enhancing users’ experience of a learning management system within higher education: chatbot design principles for service providers
(University of Pretoria, 2024-01) Matthee, Machdel C.; Hattingh, Maria J. (Marie); u23051478@tuks.co.za; Swanepoel, Maria Magrietha
Improving the user experience (UX) of learning management systems (LMS) in higher education institutions (HEIs) poses a significant challenge for service providers. This challenge centres around the limitations of the existing user support mechanisms within LMS platforms. A potential solution to this problem is the implementation of an LMS chatbot. However, an obstacle in deploying such a chatbot lies in the absence of well-defined guidelines and research-based design principles tailored specifically for integration within LMSs. Such design principles are necessary for service providers aspiring to improve the UX within the LMS environment. The LMS service provider aims to enhance the product delivered to its users. Therefore, the researcher proposes an LMS-integrated chatbot, distinguishing it from existing chatbots that are neither integrated nor based on empirical research. Unlike chatbots functioning as frequently asked question (FAQ) assistants or assuming the role of the lecturer, the proposed chatbot guidelines are designed for LMS service providers to consider the implementation of design principles, ultimately improving the overall UX. The absence of established LMS chatbot design principles, both in theoretical frameworks and in practical applications, poses a challenge for service providers seeking to offer efficient user support through an integrated chatbot. This gap increases the risk of user dissatisfaction with the LMS platform, potentially leading to frustration. This user dissatisfaction may drive HEIs to explore alternative LMS products or service providers. This study is driven by the need to address the abovementioned challenges and facilitate the effective utilisation of chatbots to ensure an enhanced LMS UX. To build a robust theoretical foundation for the development of design principles, this research employs activity theory (AT) as a framework to understand the diverse user activities within the LMS activity system. To address this problem, this study employed the design science research (DSR) methodology and incorporated a design thinking workshop approach in the development phase of the DSR. The workshop incorporated a design team comprising 12 team members, who are all active LMS users from diverse HEI environments: four students, four instructors and four LMS administrators. The workshop participants offered valuable insights into what an LMS chatbot should look like, as well as how it should feel and function. The insights gathered from the workshop, including participant worksheets, participant observations and field notes, formed the foundation for the tentative set of LMS chatbot design principles. These tentative LMS chatbot design principles were further evaluated by four LMS experts to ensure their relevance and effectiveness in enhancing the LMS UX. The resulting design principles offer a structured framework to guide the creation of LMS chatbots to enhance the LMS UX within HEIs, aligning them with existing design features and Peter Morville’s UX honeycomb (Morville, 2004). This study contributes to the body of knowledge in information systems (IS) by presenting a set of design principles grouped according to the categories technical mechanisms, language usage, UX and feedback mechanisms. These design principles aim to enhance the chatbot’s effectiveness across various dimensions, including responsive interaction and availability, seamless integration into the LMS platform, natural language understanding (NLU), multilingual support, focused conversation, intelligent error handling, engaging personality, progress tracking, personalised recommendations, transparency on capabilities and limitations, and privacy and data security. Each design principle outlines specific criteria and expectations, providing a comprehensive framework for designing and implementing an LMS chatbot that prioritises UX. These principles address a gap in LMS chatbot development guidance and have the potential to enhance the overall UX within HEIs. Additionally, this study underscores the crucial role of design principles in advancing knowledge dissemination within the IS research domain. Subsequent research endeavours could explore empirical evaluations of these design principles in real-world LMS implementations, assessing their effectiveness and broader impact on UX.
Digital innovation strategy : a framework for creating business value for an airline organisation
(University of Pretoria, 2024-04) Smuts, Hanlie; eswee.vorster@gmail.com; Vorster, Eswee
Digital innovation in the airline industry is a holistic approach that involves leveraging advanced technologies to improve customer service, drive value, and enhance efficiency. As a crucial strategic asset, digital innovation strengthens competitiveness and skills development within airlines. The sector's growing involvement with digital innovation reflects a commitment to experimenting with digital technologies and accelerating their adoption. However, the swift pace of technological change coupled with the high-costs of implementation and a lack of standardised protocols can often lead to fragmented customer experiences and operational silos. Addressing these challenges requires a focused strategy on integrating new technologies seamlessly with existing systems, ensuring interoperability, and aligning digital transformation with the overall business objectives to create a unified, customer-centric approach. This interpretive case study collected data from online questionnaires distributed to employees, customers, and suppliers of the airline organisation. The data analysis provided a detailed perspective on the organisation's agility and strategic approaches through diverse stakeholder lenses, revealing key themes that deepen theoretical knowledge. It concluded by connecting these insights to the core elements of a digital innovation strategy, aligning practical observations with the broader goal of strategic digital innovation. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the airline organisation's executive management team, executive foresight, and experience, which highlighted the practical challenges and opportunities in navigating digital transformation. This study introduced a layered digital innovation framework within an airline organisation operating in a volatile and rapidly evolving environment that demands an ability to innovate, scale, and revamp the organisational structure persistently to align with a digital innovation strategy. The first surrounding layer addresses factors critical to the core components: a company culture open to change, technological integration for smooth operations, and process efficiencies for scalability. The second layer presents outcomes such as improved decision-making and operational efficiency through optimised processes and strategic data use, integration of data and systems for better insights, and a culture of continuous digital improvement. The third layer highlights broader objectives like seamless customer and employee digital experiences, the emergence of new technologies, and overall digital transformation aiming for full integration of digital technology to enhance performance and competitiveness. The outermost layer represents strategic end goals like streamlined operations and new methodologies such as agile project management, data-driven strategy, and customer-centric product development. This study describes a multi-layered digital innovation strategy model with People, Technology, and Process at its core. These elements are foundational for any digital strategy, focusing on a prepared workforce, technological infrastructure, and efficient methodologies. Fundamental dynamic capabilities, such as sensing and seizing opportunities, navigating transitions, and transforming operations, are vital in fostering agility and resilience. These capabilities should inform and shape the foundation of a strategy focused on digital innovation, which rests on the interplay of human resources, processes, and technology. In the current fast-paced climate of the airline industry and its competitive market, it's crucial to devise a digital innovation framework that not only identifies but also effectively leverages the right strategic levers. Doing so is essential for extracting maximum business value from digital transformation efforts, ensuring they are well-aligned with the organisation's overarching goals and market demands. The study makes several significant theoretical contributions. Firstly, it deepens the understanding of digital innovation strategies in the airline industry, providing insights into how these strategies can be effectively developed and implemented. Secondly, it expands the knowledge of organisational agility and strategic alignment in the context of digital transformation, highlighting the critical factors that contribute to successful digital innovation. Lastly, the study provides a detailed theoretical framework that can be applied to similar industries facing rapid technological changes, offering a valuable reference for further research and practical application. Regarding practical contributions, the study offers actionable insights for airline executives on implementing and scaling digital innovations. It emphasises the importance of integrating new technologies with existing systems to ensure seamless operations and avoid operational silos. Additionally, the study identifies critical challenges and opportunities in digital transformation, providing practitioners with valuable information to develop effective strategies. This practical guidance can help airline organisations navigate the complexities of digital innovation and achieve their strategic objectives. Overall, the model advocates for a strategic, layered approach to digital innovation, where each level supports and amplifies the next, culminating in a business that is agile, efficient, and future-ready, thereby delivering substantial business value through enhanced competitive advantage, increased operational efficiency, and accelerated market responsiveness.
Towards an interoperability framework for blockchain in the banking sector
(University of Pretoria, 2024-03-28) Mawela, Tendani; senatemafike@gmail.com; Mafike, Senate Sylvia
Banking enterprises globally are considering the adoption and leveraging of the benefits of blockchain technology to enhance their processes. Most of these organisations seek ways to integrate blockchain into incumbent technologies to augment and support such systems. However, incompatibilities between different blockchain systems and extant banking systems mean that these systems cannot communicate as required. This lack of interoperability between heterogeneous blockchain systems and between blockchain systems and other non-blockchain systems is referred to as a lack of blockchain interoperability. An absence of blockchain interoperability is one of the obstacles to the mass adoption of the technology and, consequently, an obstacle to organisations wishing to leverage the technology to provide better, cost-effective and more efficient processes. Therefore, it is crucial for organisations to address blockchain interoperability. However, organisations do not currently have the appropriate tools, methods or frameworks to guide the complex process of implementing blockchain interoperability. This study is underpinned by the pragmatist philosophical paradigm and employs a design science research approach to address the blockchain interoperability challenge by developing and evaluating a blockchain interoperability framework. This qualitative study solicited data through systematic literature reviews, interviews with blockchain experts and industry webinars. The data were used to formulate an artefact, i.e., the blockchain interoperability framework intended to guide banking organisations during the process of implementing blockchain interoperability. The framework components were conceptualised and organised through a general system theory lens. Following the design science process, the proposed framework was evaluated through a summative, artificial and ex-post evaluation process, which included demonstrating the applicability of the framework and evaluating its utility and relevance. The applicability of the framework to the banking sector is demonstrated through an illustrative scenario. The scenario was derived from real projects focusing on the integration of real-time gross settlement systems and a blockchain system. Moreover, to evaluate the framework, the study conducted additional interviews with blockchain experts. These interviews were guided by a set of questions based on predefined artefact evaluation criteria. The main output of the study is the proposed blockchain interoperability framework. The framework includes a high-level architectural component framework, a process flow and a set of guidelines and considerations for organisations. Practitioners and researchers can use the framework components as a reference point to understand and guide the process of implementing blockchain interoperability. The key findings represented in the framework are organised according to general systems theory elements. The findings indicated that the following aspects should be considered to implement blockchain interoperability in the banking sector: legal and regulatory requirements for interoperability, a clear blockchain-focused use case or business case, an understanding of the goal of blockchain in the organisation, a determination of the systems involved, and determining the type of interoperability required for the selected use case. In addition, the organisation needs to consider the data to be shared. This involves identifying the type of data to be shared (normal business data, cryptocurrency or tokenised assets); the data formats, representations and standards, and identifying any inconsistencies in how the data are represented across the systems. Furthermore, the findings show that banking organisations should ensure the selected approach fulfils the required interoperability and enables the exchange of the necessary data while satisfying essential regulatory, security, privacy, and performance requirements. The study makes several contributions. From a theoretical perspective, the study offers an extended conceptualisation of blockchain interoperability for the banking sector. The study has expanded on the currently limited research on blockchain interoperability and contributes to opening opportunities for further academic research on the topic. Methodologically, the study offers insights on how Peffers’ (2007) design science research methodology, together with the general systems theory, could be utilised to interrogate a nascent topic such as blockchain interoperability and support the development of a blockchain interoperability framework. Practically, practitioners and banking organisations with an interest in enabling blockchain interoperability in their operations can use the developed framework, process flow and guidelines as a point of reference.
Employees’ cybersecurity awareness and behaviour in South African higher education institutions
(University of Pretoria, 2024-05) Steyn, Adriana Aletta (Riana); u20800917@tuks.co.za; Yusuf, Abdullahi Abiodun
The widespread cyberattacks necessitate robust cybersecurity practices within South African higher education institutions (HEIs). System users, particularly employees, are often the inadvertent major entry for cyberattacks, highlighting the critical need for employees’ cybersecurity behaviour to adhere to ethical guidelines and adapt to evolving cyber threats. This study investigates how South African HEIs’ cybersecurity environment, encompassing factors like cybersecurity awareness, policies and prior employee experience, influences employee cybersecurity behaviour. Building on the protection motivation theory and the theory of planned behaviour, the study developed a conceptual model that integrates and explores the impact of cybersecurity awareness, policy awareness and experience within the institutional context on employee attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, threat appraisal, and self-efficacy, ultimately leading to cybersecurity-compliant behaviour. This model was tested using data from a survey of 283 employees in South African HEIs. Structural equation modelling, ANOVA and post hoc procedures are employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicate that employees are more competent in managing cybersecurity tasks when they are aware of or know their institutions’ cybersecurity policies than those unaware. The findings show that institutions’ cybersecurity environment, including cybersecurity awareness, policy and experience, positively influences employees’ attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control, which, in turn, positively contribute to their cybersecurity-compliant behaviour. Similarly, perceived behavioural control, threat appraisal and self-efficacy directly and significantly impact cybersecurity-compliant behaviour. These results highlight the importance of fostering a comprehensive South African HEIs cybersecurity environment, highlighting awareness training, transparent policies, practical experience, and efforts to cultivate empowerment sense amongst employees regarding cybersecurity practices. This study contributes to advancing knowledge on cybersecurity behaviour in South African HEIs by offering insights specific to the institutional cybersecurity environment and ultimately fostering a more secure cybersecurity structure within these institutions.
A conceptual framework for adopting micro-credentials for skills development of South African entrepreneurs
(University of Pretoria, 2024-03-05) Steyn, Adriana Aletta (Riana); u18031014@tuks.co.za; Marecha, Takunda Sharon
One of the main driving forces that fuels a business venture to be successful, is the skills of the entrepreneur and how the skills are applied into the business. Without adequate skills, entrepreneurs are bound to experience inevitable failure. This research study aims to address this issue by focusing on how micro-credentials (an emerging educational technology not yet widely explored in the context of entrepreneurial skills development) can be used by South African entrepreneurs for their skills development. The possession of core entrepreneurial skills and the knowledge to apply the skills effectively, has potential to steer entrepreneurs in the direction of success and sustainability. Fourteen interviews were conducted for this research study and findings showed that entrepreneurs recognise that there is a need for skills development and micro-credentials are capable of fulfilling that need. The collected data was analysed through the thematic analysis method, examined, and synthesised to produce a conceptual framework for micro-credential adoption.
An IT strategic decision-making framework in the midst of disruptive technologies
(University of Pretoria, 2019-07) Van der Merwe, Alta; Matthee, Machdel C.; rajan.padayachee@gmail.com; Padayachee, Rajan
Technological disruption enabled by the internet revolution has resulted in an exponential increase in the growth of new technologies and resultant technology disruptions in the workplace. Many firms do not grasp the new technology trends early enough to improve business processes and capitalise on these emerging technologies. Over the last five years, there has been exponential growth of technologies in the consumer space, mainly in social, mobile, collaboration, big data and cloud-computing technologies. As these technologies mature and gain momentum, they change the context in which businesses compete and the nature of competition, resulting in the blurring of the lines between digital and traditional business models across industries. Disruptive technologies are changing the rules of competition. The rate of change in technology in the traditional enterprise space has been relatively slow in comparison. Most chief information officers (CIOs) agree that there could be significant value in utilising new technology in creating a competitive advantage in an agile world; however, in practice the adoption and implementation of newer technology occur relatively slowly. Previous information technology (IT) research predominantly focussed on IT selection, IT risk and governance, user acceptance of technologies and IT investment criteria. However, there is very little research on factors influencing strategic IT decisions from a perspective of disruptive technologies. Business executives would generally invest in IT initiatives that can generate a return on their investment, grow their business and maintain or create a sustainable competitive advantage, but organisations are often hesitant to investment in disruptive technologies in agile business conditions. The objective of this study was to investigate critical factors that guide strategic IT decisionmaking in an agile business context. This research explored relevant literature on disruptive technologies, disruptive organisations, approaches to IT decision-making, expectations of CIOs and enterprise architects in a disruptive context. During literature reviews, various factors were identified that had an influence on strategic IT decision-making in organisations. These factors were tested with experienced IT executives who made or influenced strategic IT decisions, comprising CIOs, enterprise architects, business executives and IT consultants from organisations across industries. Some of the participants were based internationally or had gained extensive experience in IT while working for global organisations. The outcome of the data collection resulted in two contributions to the information systems discipline. The main research contribution is a framework for strategic IT decision-making (FIT framework) and a step-by-step guide on how this can used by IT decision makers in a disruptive context. The second research contribution is the BIDD model (business IT, internal IT, digital IT and digital business), which can be used to classify IT systems based on their functional purpose in organisations. The use of the FIT framework and the BIDD model provides CIOs with a comprehensive guideline to make strategic IT decisions in the midst of disruptive technologies.
Micro-credentials for employers : guidelines in reskilling workforce impacted by the changes caused by disruptive technologies
(University of Pretoria, 2023-11-20) Steyn, Adriana Aletta (Riana); u21686212@tuks.co.za; Mahlasela, Oyena
The constant change in technology is reshaping the workplace environment, forcing employers to upskill and reskill employees to meet business needs. Technology such as micro-credentials are viewed as catalysts for skills development. Therefore, this study aimed to assist employers in integrating micro-credentials when reskilling or upskilling their workforce. Two theories were adopted: the Andragogy in practice model that assisted in understanding adult learning and UTAUT2 for understanding technology adoption. Thereafter, ten participants were interviewed who had acquired skills through micro-credentials. The finding highlighted that micro-credentials could offer employees opportunities for flexible learning and learning from experts since experts in their field teach most digital credentials. The benefits of adopting micro-credentials discussed in the findings included career growth, gaining recognition across sectors, and learning work-related skills. However, the challenge of funding, quality of credentials and work-learn balance were also discussed. Thus, this study proposed a framework that will be integrated into the workplace to provide upskilling and reskilling in this digital age.
The development of a technology-enhanced, brain-based framework for science education : a South African case study
(University of Pretoria, 2023-11) Matthee, Machdel C.; De Villiers, Carina; hettiet@gmail.com; Terblanche, Hester Aletta
This study suggests a teaching framework to enhance the intrinsic motivation, mindset and science performance of undergraduate university students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds in South Africa. The Technology-enhanced, Brain-based and Science Knowledge (TBBaSK) Framework for science education is based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Framework. However, it integrates elements, tenets and principles of brain-based learning (BBL) to assist lecturers in their planning and presentation of science lectures. It contributes to research on technological, pedagogical and content knowledge by adhering to the call to consider educational contexts and real-life classroom applications and develop metacognition in teaching and learning approaches. Furthermore, it reacts to recommendations from studies on brain-based learning to provide more support in science classrooms. The application of this framework includes brain-based learning principles and applications such as mindfulness techniques, the impact of mind moves as brain exercises, an understanding of mindset, multisensory teaching and the development of metacognition. These techniques are integrated with technology in science education, as described by the TPACK Framework. The TBBaSK Framework was applied using a case study strategy at the Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), a university of technology in South Africa. An experiment was conducted over six Saturdays, focusing on Fluids from the first-year Physics curriculum to determine the framework’s influence on mindset, motivation and science performance. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected during the experiment. The mindset and motivation of both a control group and an experimental group were measured before and after the intervention using standardised tests. Science performance was measured before and after assessment. The combination of the qualitative and quantitative results shows that implementing the components of the TBBaSK Framework positively influenced motivation, mindset and science performance. Qualitative results showed that 91.3% of the participants of the experimental group felt more self-motivated, believed they could kindle a growth mindset and felt optimistic that the intervention had helped them understand science better.
The use of digital gamification to improve money management
(University of Pretoria, 2023-10-23) Hattingh, Maria J. (Marie); thaverson.devar@gmail.com; Devar, Thaverson
South Africa is going through one of its most economically turbulent times in its history. This is compounded by worldwide economic instability. Increases in prices, unemployment, poverty, and failure of infrastructure has made it difficult for a large part of the population to make ends meet. It is therefore vital that South Africans become more financially literate and manage their money better. However, even on an individual level, individual financial literacy rates and levels of good money management practices in the country are low. Gamification has proven to be an effective way of educating and driving positive behaviour. Gamification is the use of the psychological and motivational factors that are influential in people playing games, in other real-life contexts. This study focuses on answering the question, to what extent can gamification be used to encourage people to improve their financial literacy and money management abilities to be able to improve their financial situation? To answer the research question a qualitative study was conducted. This involved interviewing twenty individuals to understand what challenges they face in managing their money well, what factors contribute to their current levels of financial literacy, and to understand what core drivers of gamification, as described in the Gamification Framework Octalysis, would motivate them to learn more about financial literacy and manage their money well. The study identified twelve challenges which affected the way in which participants manage their money well: 1) Lacking knowledge or education, 2) Personal circumstance or goals not catered for, 3) Financial jargon, 4) Lacking discipline, 5) Increasing prices/cost of living, 6) Low salary or not having enough money to manage, 7) Taking care of family members, 8) Unexpected costs or emergencies, 9) Fear of their current situation, 10) Lack of interest, 12) Having an overview of their finances, and 12) Lack of trust or comfortability with banks or financial institutions. It was shown through literature that gamification can have, or already has, a positive impact on eight of those challenges, with the other four challenges being external to the motivation of the individual. The study also identified ten factors that contributed towards the participants’ level of financial literacy: 1) Information from family and friends, 2) Information from financial advisors and bankers, 3) Life experiences, 4) Information gathered when a trigger or life event occurs, 5) Searching online/online articles, 6) Social media, 7) Learning through their jobs, 8) Banking or other financial institution applications, 9) Reading books, and 10) Online videos and podcasts. However, it was shown that these factors are not sustainable, accurate or consistent to progressively improve financial literacy. It was shown that more accredited and centralised sources of financial literacy need to be developed. This study has shown that “Development and Accomplishment” and “Empowerment of Creativity and Feedback” were the most important core drivers to the participants. However, it was also identified that other core drivers also need to be implemented in gamified solutions to ensure that individuals’ personalities are catered for. Lastly, it was shown that gamification can have an impact on improving financial literacy and money management in South Africa; however, it cannot be the only solution. It will need to be a part of a bigger, centralised and accredited solution that accounts for personalised circumstances of the individuals, the personality of individuals and their financial situation
Towards A requirements elicitation knowledge visualisation framework to improve the accuracy of information system requirements
(University of Pretoria, 2023-11-30) Smuts, Hanlie; iddo.imri@gmail.com; Scholtz, Iddo-Imri
The requirements elicitation process (REP) forms part of the earliest phases of the information systems development (ISD) lifecycle and is a critical process that impacts all subsequent phases. REP is acknowledged as one of the most important and knowledge-intensive processes involved in ISD projects, which requires a great deal of communication and collaboration among involved stakeholders to produce the requirements for an information system (IS). The essential requirements knowledge is primarily contained within the stakeholders, is inherently tacit and, therefore, difficult to communicate. Poor communication and collaboration between the involved stakeholders are the primary contributors affecting the successful creation, transfer and sharing of requirements knowledge that directly impacts the accuracy of the elicited IS requirements. Consequently, REP is plagued with the elicitation of inaccurate requirements, which negatively impact the success rate of ISD projects. It is acknowledged that the visual representation of knowledge is superior to verbal and written communication. Knowledge visualisation (KV), as an extension of knowledge management, aims to create, transfer and share knowledge through visualisations by utilising the key strengths of the human cognitive process to improve communication and collaboration. KV goes beyond the basic transfer of facts to convey insights, experiences, points of view, values, assumptions, outlooks, beliefs and prognoses in such a manner that empowers someone to rebuild, recall and implement these insights accurately. Therefore, this study aims to explore the possibility of using KV during REP to promote communication and collaboration between the involved stakeholders to increase the successful creation, transfer and sharing of requirements knowledge to improve the accuracy of elicited IS requirements. The study resides in the IS discipline and is rooted in the interpretivist research paradigm to form the underlying philosophical viewpoint. Building upon the foundation of interpretivism, the research design of the study used the survey research strategy along with the questionnaire and interview data collection methods. The study collected both quantitative and qualitative data, which were analysed with the associated data analysis techniques. The quantitative data collected from the questionnaire was analysed using descriptive statistical analysis to determine the total and total percentage, with some instances also incorporating the mean, to identify key relationships and patterns in the data. The qualitative data was analysed using open, axial and selective coding to identify themes within the data relevant to the study. The findings of the study produced the final version of the requirements elicitation knowledge visualisation (REKV) framework. The framework provides guidance to requirements engineers to effectively visualise existing requirements knowledge to increase the communication and collaboration of the involved stakeholders to promote the successful creation, transfer and sharing of requirements knowledge to increase the accuracy of elicited IS requirements. The findings confirmed the relevance and validity of the framework from a practical perspective and established the use of KV during REP to address the issues associated with the elicitation of inaccurate requirements. The proposed REKV framework breaches the divide between KV and REP and forms a foundation for further advancement of the use of KV during REP.
Towards a user experience based online lead generation framework contributing to business value
(University of Pretoria, 2023-05-08) Smuts, Hanlie; van der Merwe, Alta; wynand.beukes@gmail.com; Beukes, Wynand
The digitalisation of business markets ensures a highly dynamic environment that can be difficult to navigate and also increases competitiveness within the market. Additionally, the rise of digitalisation grants (prospective) customers tremendous decision-making power. This makes attracting and retaining customers a cumbersome pursuit. With customers at the centre of any business, they are essential for creating value. Many businesses’ value-creating pathways have been fully explored; however, there is a lack of research on applying User eXperience (UX) knowledge to the lead generation process to increase lead conversions and business value. This research study aims to identify the components contributing to a User eXperience-based Online Lead Generation Framework (UXOLF) that can deliver increased business value. This design science research (DSR) study comprises a six-phase main cycle with three sub-cycles. The first phase of the main cycle, problem identification, used a questionnaire for data collection. The second phase, defining the objectives of a solution, used document analysis as data collection. Design and development, the third phase, has a sub-cycle consisting of three phases with a Participatory Design (PD) session as the data collection method across the sub-cycle. The first version of the UXOLF was created in this phase. The fourth phase of the main cycle has a sub-cycle consisting of four phases. This phase utilised A/B tests to demonstrate the UXOLF, where obstructions are identified, hypotheses formulated, interfaces updated and hypotheses tested. The study evaluated the UXOLF in the fifth phase, consisting of the final sub-cycle with two phases. The evaluation was conducted through the PD iteration, and the researcher made the final changes to the framework in the final development phase. Finally, the sixth phase, namely communication, is enacted through this paper. The UXOLF created by this research consists of nine concepts and nine design principles as sub-concepts. The main concepts of the UXOLF, in order of appearance, are 1) environment, 2) business strategy, 3) digital transformation strategy, 4) brand awareness, 3) value proposition, 4) user experience design principles (nine principles are presented), 5) communication, 6) online lead generation (with three steps on the process), 7) evaluation and data-driven decision-making, 8) customer and employee experience and 9) business value. The identified concepts underpins a business’s ability to effectively implement UX design principles onto their online lead-generating platform. These concepts are interrelated and should be considered in order of appearance since they require an outside-in perspective. The framework can be regarded as a meta-model that guides thinking and aids businesses in optimising their lead generation process as a value-creating pathway by implementing UX practices.
Identification and prioritisation of success factors in agile software development in the South African software development industry
(University of Pretoria, 2023) Hanslo, Ridewaan; ashleygwa@gmail.com; Gwangwadza, Ashley Shumirayi
Agile software development is a methodology initiated to offer "agility" by addressing the rigidity of traditional methodologies to limit the associated negative effects. It has been increasingly adopted in the South African software development industry. However, there is no comprehensive research on the factors that affect the success of agile software development projects in a South African context and the priority of these factors. This study addresses this gap through a case study of a South African software development organisation. The study identifies and prioritises the critical success factors of agile software development in the South African software development industry. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with agile practitioners in various roles in the case study organisation to identify the critical success factors. Twenty-five critical success factors were grouped into six categories: organisational, team, customer, process, technical and project. Based on the findings, the research proposes a framework for critical success factors in agile software development in South African software development organisations. The factors were then ranked based on the combined frequency of mentions of the factor and its descriptive attributes. Organisational culture was the highest-ranked factor, showing that the Agile project perceived it to have the most influence on Agile project success. The ranking shows that the organisational and team factors have the most highly ranked factors, while the project category has the least ranked factors. The research findings provide information that, if used by agile practitioners in South Africa, may increase the success of the Agile software development project in the South African software development industry.
The effect of self-regulating technology on workplace efficiency
(University of Pretoria, 2023-11-15) Hattingh, Maria J. (Marie); vanzylarno@yahoo.com; Van Zyl, Petrus Arnoldus
Self-regulation technologies are applications or equipment that allow end users to govern and manage their own technology use. The research indicates that distractions in the workplace are one of the primary contributors to reduced productivity, lower task completion, and lower task success rates. Self-regulation technologies are applications or equipment that allow employees to limit distractions from technological devices and maintain a focus on job-related activities throughout the workday. According to research, electronic devices commonly used in the workplace have increased employee distractions during daily work routines. This study analyzed how self-regulating technologies can promote workplace efficiency. The study employed a mono-method approach and compared the findings obtained from seventeen employees. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results enabled an understanding whether self-regulating technologies can promote workplace efficiency. The study emphasized automated technology use and its influence on workplace efficiency. The research aims to provide an understanding of automated technology and how individuals in organizations can use the technologies available to them to ensure focus and attention on their job requirements. The study established that self-regulating technologies can help employees become more efficient and less stressed and distracted in their working environment while improving their work-life balance. Future research could expand the multitude of participants to include individuals from diverse working environments to obtain more information on the various types of self-regulating technologies being employed, whether the participants of the study deemed these technologies beneficial, and how easily these technologies can be incorporated into an average work routine. The importance of self- regulation technologies within the workplace is the various benefits observed including, improved overall effectiveness of employees, better work-life balance, improved job satisfaction, and reduced workplace stressors.

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