37th Annual Southern African Transport Conference 2018

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/69159

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 97

WIM for direct enforcement in Brazil
(2018) Otto, G.G.
Brazil is a country of continental dimensions and dependent on the road matrix as the main means of transportation for goods, merchandise and passengers. The country has a network of 55 thousand kilometers of highways and a few weigh stations in operation. The National Department of Transportation Infrastructure (DNIT) of the Ministry of Transport is responsible for the construction, maintenance and operation (management) of the federal road network. Among the attributions of the DNIT is the management of road safety and overload enforcement. In 1975, the National Department of Roads (DNER), formerly DNIT, began the development of the Master Plan for Weighing, which used low speed scales to overload enforce inside of a Vehicle Weigh Stations (called PPV). In this plan, it was planned to install 132 fixed weigh stations. The current legislation obliges all the freight vehicles that travel on the highway to pass on a pre-selection track (60 km / h), the selected ones pass through the enforcement low speed scale (10 km/h). The DNIT lunch a bid (2014) to construct 35 new station called Integrated Automated Inspection Stations (PIAF). The PIAF model is designed to allow, in the near future, overload direct enforcement automated and integrated with other systems installed directly on the highway. In 2015, the National Institute of Legal Metrology (INMETRO) launched a Technical Metrological Regulation that allows the homologation of weighing instruments for high speed direct enforcement. Since 2007, the Transportation and Logistics Laboratory, of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, and DNIT has been working in cooperation in a research program for Direct Enforcement of the vehicles of load using systems of Weigh-in-Motion (WIM). In Ararangua (in the south of Brazil), a 120 m of a Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement specially designed for the installation of high accuracy WIM systems. Different WIM technologies are installed in the concrete lane, all them designed to meet the predicted accuracy requirements by the metrological regulation
International developments in WIM
(2018) Van Loo, H.
This presentation will give an overview of the different techniques of dynamic weighing (both in-road and on-board). It will show the main applications, advantages and limitations of current WIM systems. This will be combined with a number examples of implementations of Wim systems from around the world.
Weigh-in-motion enhancement scenarios within the its environment
(2018) Daxberger, S.F.A.
In this paper we evaluate the fields of application and present the main benefits of a Weigh-In-Motion solution, in short WIM, in the ITS environment
Exploring industry’s contribution to the labour intensive construction of low order rural community access roads
(2018) Jairam, S.; Allopi, D.
Due to the persistently high unemployment situation in South Africa, the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) was launched by Government in 2004. Its objective is to provide essential services and infrastructure to disadvantaged communities, develop skills among the unemployed and create the much needed employment through the application of labour-intensive work methods. Extensive research has been carried out on the effectiveness of this technology by reputable technical institutions including the major universities and the CSIR. In terms of policy formulation, research, organisational measures and also funding, South Africa has certainly done its homework in terms of preparing for a large-scale labour intensive public works programme. Yet, with all these good intentions, it is generally perceived that levels of labour intensity are low and further efforts should be made to increase the use of labour-intensive work methods’ (Department of Public Works 2012:1).It is estimated that only 12 per cent of the road sector expenditure is used for works classified as truly labour intensive projects (Department of Public Works 2012:1). There seems to have been no substantial changes in the extent to which labour-intensive work methods has been utilised in the road works programme. This paper focuses on the extent to which consultants and contractors in the Civil Engineering Industry are involved in promoting the construction of rural community access roads using labour intensive methods, and to provide an insight into their depth of contribution to the design and construction management, according to the Expanded Public Works Programme guidelines. Recommendations are made on how consultants and contractors could improve the labour intensive component during the construction of rural community access roads.
Commercial vehicle screening for anomalous tires : Weigh in Motion and additional screening parameters / Tire Anomaly and Classification System (TACS) for detection of tire problems
(2018) Malhotra, R.
Vehicle safety is of primary concern and involves all aspects of the vehicle and driver. Tire performance is critical for commercial vehicle safety, and tire inflation is paramount for effective vehicle operation and safety. Tire anomalies, such as under-inflated and over-inflated tires, missing tires or having a load imbalance can lead to serious vehicle crashes. Recent statistics from the U.S. Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) indicate that tires were a factor in 19% of fatal crashes where a vehicle-related factor was identified. New technologies and approaches can assist in the identification of commercial vehicles with potential tire safety issues, and provide information about the condition of a vehicle’s tires as it travels on a roadway at highway speeds. One such system screens commercial vehicles on the highway and at weigh station facilities to identify those vehicles which are unsafe due to missing or under-inflated tires.The system consists of in-road sensors for tire detection and measurement, roadside electronics to capture information from the sensors, software and a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to present information to the operator or user. This presentation examines results from tire anomaly detection systems deployed in North America. Results include an assessment of the accuracy of the sensing system in detecting tire anomalies, as well as statistics on the frequency at which commercial vehicles with unsafe tires are detected in the traffic stream at these sites. In addition, tire type classification, axle width, and lateral vehicle lane position data is presented.
Calibration and quality management of WIM data
(2018) De Wet, G.
Robust and effective tools for the accuracy and quality assessment of WIM data are essential to continuously prove the relevance and maintain the reliability of in-service WIM systems. The American ASTM Standard Specification for Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) Systems was initially used as the basis for the implementation and testing of WIMs in South Africa, followed by the European COST 323 Specification from approximately 2006. Since 2010 there has been a shift towards using a data-based method for retrospective calibration and for assessing the quality of WIM data in South Africa
South American applications of strain gauge based WIM
(2018) Bower, C.
Applications of Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems have included data collection, screening for enforcement, and tolling (ETC). Monitoring traffic volume for planning, and protection of roadway pavement systems by overload detection and vehicle diversion are common uses of WIM systems worldwide. With the increase in accuracy of WIM systems while maintaining traffic flow at higher speeds, developing utilization of WIM is expanding into use in direct enforcement, industrial, and other uses. This presentation will present data from WIM sites that are in service for several applications, with an emphasis on strain gauge based strip sensor systems. Installations ranging from two sensors to eight sensors per lane will be presented, with measurements at various speeds ranging from low- to high-speed WIM operations. Understanding the performance of different sensor configurations and conditions will provide insight into strain gauge WIM sensors, and how this technology can be integrated into WIM systems to provide the performance required with developing WIM applications.
Status of sim technology in South Africa and it’s implementation in accelerated pavement testing (APT)
(2018) De Beer, M.
Optimizations of relatively thin (< 50 mm thick) asphalt road surfacing design towards first class user experiences are still an art today. The risk for failure is difficult to assess, therefore unwanted tyre-road interactions on such failed surfaces may lead to dissatisfied road users. Modern pavement design commonly use simple models for tyre-road contact. The single tyre model is of a simple circular disk shape, with uniform contact stress on multi-layers system. It is popular because of relative mathematical simplicity and speed of solution, especially when number of layers is limited (< 10 multi-layers). Relatively thin asphalt surfacing is still regarded as a functional layer, designed and built by experienced designers and contractors. Field data (52 895 truck tyres in South Africa) from the Stress-In-Motion (SIM) device indicated that only 10 percent of tyre-road contact patches are of circular shape, 66 percent single rectangular, and 24 percent triple-rectangular shape. This information points toward the need for improved engineering design of thin surfacings, with focus on optimization and longevity. Tyre-road pavement contact research with the SIM and associated analysis have led to improved closed-form multi-layer analysis optimized for speed and shape. Analysis and report ready plots within minutes. In this paper, improved multi-layered analysis incorporating an option to divide a tyre up to three rectangular shapes – not necessarily with equal vertical contact stress, in addition to the normal circular shape with uniform contact stress is demonstrated. The software was developed for Mechanistic Empirical Cross-Anisotropic Analysis of Multi-layered Elastic Systems (meCRAMES) considering cross-anisotropy – material stiffness in horizontal and vertical direction different for any layer owing to compaction forces during construction, with single/multiple circular and/or rectangular tyre loading shapes. The analyses indicated potential failure zones in-side these thin asphalt surfacings which are highly depended on tyre–road contact shapes, as well as layer cross-anisotropy – which need to be incorporated during pavement design, as well as evaluation with Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) technology.
Adding value to high speed weigh-in-motion intelligent enforcement the N3 speed over distance integrated with weigh-in-motion
(2018) Hellens, M.C.
Overloading and Speeding have been recognized to be both a safety as well as a cost concern.Through the continuous efforts undertaken by the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Transport, the heavy vehicle overloading problem in the province has improved considerably over past years. However, it is clearly evident that too many legal loads are being weighed unnecessarily and not enough use of available technology is being made. It is also evident that very limited weighing occurs between the hours of 06:00PM and 06h00AM. This is when most of the habitual overloading offenders traverse the corridor. Damage to the road network as a result of overloading leads to higher maintenance and repair costs and shortens the life of a road which in turn places an additional burden on the state as well as law-abiding road users who ultimately carry the costs of careless and inconsiderate overloading and speeding. If these problems are not properly controlled, this cost will continue to have a negative impact on the economy. Overloading coupled with high speeds are a safety hazard that leads to unnecessary loss of life. This presentation focuses on Truck Traffic on the N3 corridor, the current measures taken for overloading control, weigh-in-motion technology (WIM), average speed over distance (ASD) and the advantages of the integration of WIM and ASD
Re-engineering the use of road networks through on-board mass (OBM) systems
(2018) Hill, G.
In Australia, On-Board Mass (OBM) systems are being used to record the mass and configuration of heavy vehicle combinations. On-Board Mass (OBM) Systems are technologies that are able to measure the the mass of axle groups and calculate the gross vehicle mass of a vehicle. Often referred to as weigh scales or mass measurement systems, the transport industry has adopted the use of OBM Systems to better manage commercial obligations and conformance with regulatory loading and mass regulations. OBM Systems also offer the opportunity to change the way road assets are utilised, which can enable changes to access arrangements, and ultimately, lead to significant productivity and safety reforms. It is through the availability of reliable and accurate vehicle location, mass and configuration from OBM Systems which can unlock improved productivity outcomes. More specifically, the use of OBM Systems have the potential to support higher productivity heavy vehicle access arrangements, which would not otherwise be possible. This presentation will provide an overview of the functional and technical requirements which are being applied to OBM Systems, and how different approaches are encouraged to achieve an outcome – fostering innovation and best practice, and the promotion of competition and choice – while catering to government and industry demands for greater reliability, accuracy, integrity and security in the measurement of heavy vehicle mass. The presentation also provides an update on the implementation of a certified OBM program, which will provide the strongest assurances that OBM data can be relied upon by infrastructure managers to introduce productivity enhancing access arrangements – without being forced to invest in upgrades to road and bridge infrastructure
New international standard on WIM
(2018) Oosterman, C.
This presentation will show the implementation of high speed Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) systems for the direct automatic enforcement of overloading. In this application the WIM measurements are directly used for enforcement purposes without any secondary verification measurement by static or low speed scales. This application does not only require the most advanced WIM systems, it also needs an organizational structure which will guarantee the minimum quality (accuracy and reliability) of each individual WIM measurement. These performance requirements should be guaranteed not only at initial system approval, but also during operation. This structure consists of three elements: legal acceptance, system certification and data quality control. The presentation shows how the newly developed NMi WIM standard provides a basis for a successful implementation of WIM for direct enforcement and what is involved in the other two elements that are required when taken into use
Towards a desired transport future: safe, sufficient and affordable
(2018) Yang, Y.
With the development of technology and economy, more and more people desire a better transport service. How to make future transportation safer, more sufficient and affordable is an important issue to discuss. The three aspects were analyzed respectively in this paper. Each aspect is analyzed from three parts: existing problems, solutions to solve the problems, and suggestions for future development. The main methods involved in are developing advanced driver assistance systems, improving and popularizing public transportation and sharing transportation, replacing fuel-powered cars by clean energy cars, and adding intelligent traffic facilities. In a nutshell, to achieve the goal, future transport should develop towards a more intelligent and sharing direction.
Impact of minibus taxi scheduling on route efficiency
(2018) Masuku, S.M.
In 2007 the South African National Department of Transport commissioned the construction of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Networks in major metros. However, due to increased cost and dependence on subsidies, there have been questions about the need for and sustainability of BRT networks. This paper presents the scheduling of minibus taxi routes as an alternative solution to providing better public transport service. The investigation focussed on the Hammanskraal-Pretoria_CBD minibus taxi route in Tshwane. Scheduling resulted in shorter passenger waiting times, higher average daily trips per vehicle and reduced fleet size. This means a more reliable and efficient service can be provided without the cost of purchasing new vehicles and infrastructure upgrades related to BRT networks
Promoting low-carbon transport in African cities
(2018) Muchibwa, P.N.
Major cities in Africa face an overwhelming urban transport crisis which is attributed to a number of factors; key among them is unprecedented motorisation; inefficient public transport systems; incoherent and disarticulated policies, dilapidated infrastructure and an increasing middleclass. This paper discusses potential transport alternatives such as non-motorized systems that can be harnessed for meeting social and economic needs of a growing urban population and its industrialization motif. Non-motorised transport (NMT) which includes cycling and walking which are predominant in many African cities despite limited policy recognition about their potential in socio-economic transformation. The potential of cycling and walking is still an unexploited resource that can change the fortunes of the transport demands of an African city and thus can help to address the attentive and adverse effects of motorisation including pollution and carbon emissions. The prioritization therefore of NMT as part of a national transport system can greatly augment the mobility of citizens, goods and services in a cleaner, sustainable and healthy manner. This discussion seeks to ignite debate on future research that can advance the agenda and quest for a sustainable urban mobility including cycling
Solutions to public transport challenges: the solution of urban public transportation – the development and application of BRT
(2018) Ni, X.
With the development of society and economy, the trend of urbanization and motorization in China has led to the increasing traffic issues in cities, which are mainly shown as traffic congestion, energy shortage, environmental pollution, noise pollution and frequent traffic accidents. The urban public transport system has become the main means to solve the contradiction between the supply and demand of urban traffic and the adjustment of the traffic structure with its less per capita dynamic occupancy of road surface area, low per capita pollution,etc. However, due to the shortcomings of the conventional public transport system, the urban public transport system is difficult to meet the travel needs of residents, especially in the cities where rail transit is not fully developed. Bus Rapid Transit System is an effective means to solve the existing traffic contradictions in the city and to adjust the new traffic layout. The Bus Rapid Transit System originated in Curitiba, Brazil, which uses modified public transport vehicles, operates in the accommodation lanes of public transportation and keeps track of the traffic characteristics. It’s a convenient and fast public transportation with flexibility of ordinary bus and a new public transport system between rail transit and bus transit.[1] That system has low cost, less space, short construction period, fast operating speed, large volume, environmental protection and is easy to develop expressway network crisscross.[2] These characteristics can effectively alleviate traffic congestion and other problems, reduce the travel cost of residents and improve the quality and efficiency of transportation. But there are also some problems in the development of BRT, such as unclear function orientation, problems in the setting of exclusive bus lanes, and coordinated operation between BRT and regular buses. In view of these problems, the methods and means to solve the problems have been put forward. Through these solutions, the BRT system can be better developed in China
Future transportation - human-like transportation
(2018) Guo, F.
The traffic congestion has become a worldwide problem. The current solution is to make the transportation become smart. The origin and definition of smart transportation was expounded and the basic architecture of smart transportation was discussed. A new definition human-like transportation system based on smart transportation, similar to human body system, was put forward to establish the future transportation, which included receptors and nervous system, immune system, endocrine system, respiratory system, etc. This paper was aimed at providing an efficient development direction for the future transportation.
Towards a desired transport future: safe, sufficient and affordable
(2018) Li, X.
This paper briefly elaborates the evolution of global transportation and the frontier of science and technology all around the world for the sake of accurately predicting the trend of desired transport future. Furthermore, accompanied by the upcoming era of artificial intelligence (AI), the author proposed the basic vision towards a desired transport future: safe, sufficient and affordable from the perspective of global ecological stability and human sustainable development. Then three typical emerging technologies towards the desired transport future were proposed subsequently. The three technologies in the coming AI era introduced by the author are autonomous vehicle, Hyperloop and Unmanned Ship respectively. Their operational principle and extended advantages aiming at AI era are also described. Finally, some of the author's unique views and perspectives based on the new coming AI era were further discussed
Future urban transport: bicycle viaducts
(2018) Zhang, C.; Mo, Z.
In the wake of the continuous acceleration of urbanization in China, the problems of traffic congestion, environmental pollution and inefficient travel caused by the high-mobility travel mode have gone from bad to worse. In the past few years, under the call of energy conservation and environmental protection and green commuting vigorously advocated by Chinese government, the bike-sharing in China is enjoying wide popularity among the public .However, there are still many issues due to the lack of perfect bicycle road network. This paper describes the construction of a new transportation network by building bicycle viaducts inside the city, to divert motor vehicles from bicycles,improve bicycle speed and ensure the safety and independence of bicycle travel. At the same time, in virtue of the construction of bike viaducts, we hope to achieve the cooperation in "PPP mode" between the government and the bicycle enterprises, mutually apply and manage bicycle elevated road, and provide a low-carbon, safe and fast new way of travel.
Identification of trip characteristics in urban rail transit system using WIFI information
(2018) Nan, S.
A distributed trip behaviour detection devices with the capability of collecting WiFi information is designed for identifying trip characteristics of urban rail transit system with complex network. Trip characteristics like distribution of trip time, route choice, travel time and transfer interval can be identified by collecting MAC(Media Access Control) of mobile devices with a procedure of setting devices, data process, trip detection and missing information process. The field experiments in Xi’an Metro system with detailed AFC data indicate that the proposed system can identify trip characteristics accurately. The information collected by this system can be utilized for precise operations management like income distribution, station design.
Trends in international aviation research
(2018) Naidoo, K.
This talk presents insight into some of the current and emerging trends in aviation research being conducted across the world’s aviation research institutes. Drivers of technology development and innovation within the world of aviation include the rising demand for cleaner, quieter, faster, cheaper and safer air transportation. These demands continue to drive investment, R&D and enhancement in the field of aircraft propulsion, aircraft structures, aerodynamic design as well as air operations amongst other fields. Some of these include advancements in materials research, manufacturing technology, novel aircraft configurations as well as new propulsion concepts and technologies. Some of the advancements and trends in these domains will be presented in this talk. At the same time, there has been widespread adoption, use and development in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles. Even though there has been significant advancement in this area, there remains significant room for innovation as the demand for enhanced performance and integration into civil airspace rises. Trends in the field of unmanned systems will be discussed briefly. This talk will also include the authors view on the relevance of these technologies and trends to South Africa now and in the future

Browse

Recent Submissions