1967 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 34, 1967

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/53579

Contents Pages: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 34, 1967

CONTENTS

*Volume 34: Number 1*

Arnold Theiler : an inspiring memory		3

Studies on the relationship between Besnoitia of blue wildebeest and impala, and Besnoitia besnoiti of cattle	Bigalke, RD, Van Niekerk, JW, Basson, PA & McCully, RM	7

Studies on bovine ephemeral fever. I. Isolation and preliminary characterization of a virus from natural and experimentally produced cases of bovine ephemeral fever	Van der Westhuizen, B	29

The serological relationship of South African bovine enterovirus strains (Ecbo SA-I and-II) and the growth characteristics in cell culture of the prototype strain (Ecbo SA-I)	Verwoerd, DW, Oellermann, RA, Broekman, J & Weiss, KE	41

Purification and physico-chemical characterization of Ecbo-virus type SA-I	Oellermann, RA, Els, HJ & Verwoerd, DW	53

The production of a basic immunity against pulpy kidney disease	Jansen, BC	65

Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part XII - The genera Boophilus Curtice, 1891 and Margaropus Karsch, 1879	Gothe, R	81

Investigations into the cold resistance of the eggs and larvae of Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844), Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) and Margaropus winthemi Karsch, 1879	Gothe, R	109

A study of the epidermal structures of the miracidia of Calicophoron calicophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) Nasmark, 1937 and Paramphistomum microbothrium (Fischoeder, 1901)	Swart, PJ	129

The pathology of Cordophilus sagittus (v. Linstow, 1907) infestation in the kudu [Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Pallas, 1766)], bushbuck [Tragelaphus scriptus (Pallas, 1766)] and African buffalo [Syncerus caffer (Sparman, 1779)] in South Africa	McCully, RM, Van Niekerk, JW & Basson, PA	137

A survey of the occurrence of potentially harmful amounts of selenium in the vegetation of the Karoo	Brown, JMM & De Wet, PJ	161

Cytogenetic investigations on normal and malformed animals, with special reference to intersexes	Gerneke, WH	219

*Volume 34: Number 2*

The artificial transmission of Besnoitia besnoiti (Marotel, 1912) from chronically infected to susceptible cattle and rabbits	Bigalke, RD	303

Plaque formation by bluetongue virus	Howell, PG, Verwoerd, DW & Oellermann, RA	317

The duration of immunity to pulpy kidney disease of sheep	Jansen, BC	333

Mycobacterial PPD sensitins and the non-specific reactor problem	Worshington, RW	345

The fungus flora of stock feeds in South Africa	Van Warmelo, KT	439

Host-parasite relationships of Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischoeder, 1901, in experimentally infested ruminants, with particular reference to sheep	Horak, IG	451

Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection : Part XII. Gynanders of Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844) and Amblyomma hebraeum (Koch,1844)	Gothe, R	541

Improved methods for the recovery of parasitic nematodes at autopsy	Reinecke, RK	547

Observations on the pathology of bilharziasis and other parasitic infestations of Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758, from the Kruger National Park	McCully, RM, Van Niekerk, JW & Kruger, SP	563

The use of the South African frog (Xenopus laevis) in the study of spinal reflex physiology	Holemans, KC, Meij, HS, Meyer, BJ & Loots, JM	619

Contributions to the study of blood constituents in domestic animals in South Africa. 6. Normal values for serum protein fractions in sheep as obtained by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips	Van Zyl, LC	633

A study of the effects of thyro-parathyroidectomy in young and mature sheep	Belonje, PC	647

Alteration of reproductive function in the rat by cortisol acetate	Van Rensburg, SJ & Cupps, PT	673

Author index		689

Subject index		692

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 27

Subject index
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Jansen, B.C.
Author index
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Jansen, B.C.
A study of the epidermal structures of the miracidia of Calicophoron calicophorum (Fischoeder, 1901) Nasmark, 1937 and Paramphistomum microbothrium (Fischoeder, 1901)
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Swart, P.J.; Jansen, B.C.
A detailed study of the number and arrangement of papilla-like structures on the terebratorium was carried out; it is found that these can be used to differentiate between the miracidia of the two related species of Paramphistomidae, C. calicophorum and P. microbothrium.
Investigations into the cold resistance of the eggs and larvae of Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844), Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) and Margaropus winthemi Karsch, 1879
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Gothe, Rainer; Jansen, B.C.
The experimental results show clearly, that low temperatures have a delaying effect upon the development of the free-living stages of B. decoloratus, B. microplus and M. winthemi. The tolerance of eggs to low temperatures is greatest in M. winthemi, less and approximately equal in B. decoloratus and B. microplus. The percentage of larval hatchings is greatest in M. winthemi, considerably less and approximately equal in the two boophilids. Larvae of M. winthemi are most tolerant of low temperatures, B. decoloratus occupies an intermediate position, B. microplus being the most susceptible. The experimental findings in conjunction with the geographical di stribution indicate that cold is not a limiting factor in the spread of M. winthemi, that it exerts a slight influence on B. decoloratus by limiting its numbers, and that it undoubtedly plays a role in restricting the spread and survival of B. microplus.
Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection. Part XII - The Genera Boophilus Curtice, 1891 and Margaropus Karsch, 1879
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Gothe, Rainer; Jansen, B.C.
The production of a basic immunity against pulpy kidney disease
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Jansen, B.C.; Jansen, B.C.
A single dose of alum-precipitated epsilon toxoid (APT) produces only a transitory immunity when given to fully susceptible sheep. A maximal immunity response is brought about by two injections each containing 90 Lf toxoid. The interval between the primary and secondary stimuli may vary from two to six weeks without influencing the end result.
Purification and physico-chemical characterization of Ecbo-virus type SA-I
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Oellermann, R.A.; Els, H.J.; Verwoerd, D.W.; Jansen, B.C.
Ecbovirus type SA-l, a bovine enterovirus, has been purified and crystallized and its chemical composition, physical characteristics and morphology studied. The virus particles have a mean diameter of 230Å, a sedimentation constant of 152S, a diffusion constant of approximately 1.7 x 10⁻⁷ cm² sec⁻¹ and a particle weight of about 6.1 x 10⁶ daltons. Its capsid consists of a number of identical subunits, probably 32, arranged in icosahedral symmetry and enclosing the nucleic acid component which comprises about 30 per cent of the total weight. Infective ribonucleic acid could only be isolated from infected cells. It has a sedimentation constant of approximately 37S corresponding to a molecular weight of about 2 x 10⁶, and consists of single-stranded RNA. The presence of a small amount of infective double-stranded RNA could also be demonstrated. In its physical characteristics and appearance, therefore, the virus is practically indistinguishable from polio- and other enteroviruses. The small differences in size found by different authors for various enteroviruses are probably insignificant and due to experimental error.
The serological relationship of South African bovine enterovirus strains (Ecbo SA-I and-II) and the growth characteristics in cell culture of the prototype strain (Ecbo SA-I)
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Verwoerd, D.W.; Oellermann, R.A.; Broekman, J.; Weiss, K.E.; Jansen, B.C.
A locally isolated bovine enterovirus designated echovirus SA-I was found to belong to the Weybridge serotype 134. The growth characteristics of the virus in a number of cell types were studied. Its replicative cycle and its effect on the metabolism of the host cell, studied by means of isotope-labelling techniques, closely resemble those of other enteroviruses. It was shown that the inhibitors of cellular RNA and protein synthesis are produced normally even if replication of the infecting virus is blocked by guanidine.
Studies on bovine ephemeral fever. I. Isolation and preliminary characterization of a virus from natural and experimentally produced cases of bovine ephemeral fever
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Van der Westhuizen, B.; Jansen, B.C.
Five immunologically identical strains of virus have been isolated from naturally and experimentally produced cases of ephemeral fever, by the intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice with infective buffy coat suspension. The prototype strain was found to be DCA and ether sensitive. Specific neutralizing antibodies could be demonstrated in the convalescent sera of both naturally and experimentally infected cattle. Serial passage of the virus in suckling mice resulted in a very rapid loss of pathogenicity for cattle with a corresponding loss of immunogenicity.
Arnold Theiler : an inspiring memory
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Jansen, B.C.
Alteration of reproductive function in the rat by cortisol acetate
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Van Rensburg, S.J.; Cupps, P.T.; Jansen, B.C.
The effects of cortisol acetate were studied on immature gonadotrophin treated rats, mature intact and hysterectomized cycling females, gestating and pseudopregnant subjects with pituitary implants, and mature males. Observations included growth, organ morphology, histological, follicular and corpora lutea counts and measurements, vaginal smears and ovarian progesterone assays. The diameters of larger follicles were potentiated and the incidence of follicles exhibiting histological atresia increased. Luteinization occurred more rapidly but many corpora lutea were cystic in treated immature rats. The cycles of mature rats exhibited dose-related prolongation of the dioestrous period which was unaffected by hysterectomy. Ovulation, conception, and nidation were unchanged by chronic treatment, but embryonic mortality was increased. The combined uterine-decidual tissue weight was inhibited to a greater extent than the various conceptus elements. Uterine growth was unaffected in pseudopregnant immature and mature rats, but under conditions of oestrogen predomination inhibition was marked. Ovarian progesterone concentration was reduced by treatment only in pregnant rats, and the significance of this finding is discussed. No evidence of alterations in the endogenous gonadotrophic secretions was found in any of these experiments. It is concluded that the administration of excess cortisol acetate exerted no true inhibitory influences on gonadal activity, unlike the potent inhibitory effects of adrenocorticotrophin.
A study of the effects of thyro-parathyroidectomy in young and mature sheep
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Belonje, Peter Charles; Jansen, B.C.
The effects of thyra-parathyroidectomy with subsequent thyroxin replacement have been studied in two young and two mature sheep. Observations made included the effects of the operation on the absorption, excretion and plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, when the animals were kept on diets of different calcium and phosphorus levels. It was found that in the young sheep postoperative hypocalcaemic tetany occurred unless the dietary intake of calcium was extremely high. In the mature sheep there was a temporary drop in plasma calcium levels after the operation, but tetany did not occur irrespective of the calcium intake. It is maintained that in the young sheep the hormones of the thyroparathyroid complex governing calcium and phosphorus and magnesium metabolism, play a much more essential role than they do in mature sheep. Actions of these hormones which have been demonstrated are: (1) increase of calcium absorption in the young animal and inhibition of absorption in the mature ones; (2) increase of urinary phosphate excretion and retention of calcium.
Contributions to the study of blood constituents in domestic animals in South Africa. 6. Normal values for serum protein fractions in sheep as obtained by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) van Zyl, Lulu C; Jansen, B.C.
Normal values for the various serum protein fractions of Merino sheep in South Africa have been established. Use was made of cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis by the microzone technique and after processing the data these were plotted on cumulative relative frequency curves. Some sex differences in the values for albumin and globulins are apparent. The albumin fraction was found to be higher in rams and wethers than in ewes. Age differences are also apparent particularly with respect to the values for total serum protein and albumin which are lower in lambs and young animals than in adult sheep. The precision of the microzone technique has permitted a re-appraisal of the albumin: globulin ratio in ovine blood.
The use of the South African frog (Xenopus laevis) in the study of spinal reflex physiology
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Holemans, K.C; Meij, Hester S.; Meyer, B.J.; Loots, J.M.; Jansen, B.C.
The use of the South African frog (Xenopus laevis) in studies on spinal neurophysiology is introduced for the study of monosynaptic reflexes. Motorneurone excitability in this species may be measured by the classical procedure of monosynaptic testing. Operational procedures for exposing the spinal cord and the roots of the spinal nerves are described. Detailed information on stimulating and recording techniques which have been found satisfactory for the South African frog are given.
Observations on the pathology of bilharziasis and other parasitic infestations of Hippopotamus amphibius Linnaeus, 1758, from the Kruger National Park
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) McCully, R.M.; Van Niekerk, J.W.; Kruger, S.P.; Jansen, B.C.
Necropsies were conducted on 100 hippopotami during the winter of 1964 in an area of the Kruger National Park where the continuous drought, over a period of three years, had reduced food supplies to a very low level. Systematic observations revealed the presence of 12 helminth species belonging to the classes Trematoda, Cestoda and Nematoda, a blood sucking annalid, a single case of Hepatocystis hippopotami infection as well as a specifically unidentified unicellular organism in the liver and uterus. The latter is believed to have been a coccidium, the bodies observed being unsporulated oocysts having a spinous and striated wall. A summary of the significant pathological changes produced by Schistosoma hippopotami, Fasciola nyanzae and Echinococcus granulosa africanus is presented in Table 1. The pathogenicity of the remaining parasites appears to have been mild or insignificant. The most striking observations were the high incidence and unusual distribution of S. hippopotami, and the pathognomonic cardiovascular lesions in response to adult parasites. These were characterized by the formation of a pseudo-intima in branches of the pulmonary artery and various veins and a pseudoendocardium within the heart. Significant numbers of S. hippopotami were found in the heart and all major blood vessels. Lesions, encountered in the systemic and visceral circulation, were most prevalent in the heart, pulmonary artery branches, posterior vena cava, venae hepaticae and portal veins. Taxonomic affinities of S. hippopotami are presented. 587 The unusual distribution of the adults, the very low degree of ovigenesis and the relatively high number of free and encapsulated schistosome ova in the adrenal cortex, medulla and vein as compared to those of the lung, liver, alimentary tract and pancreas, as observed during winter, cause doubt whether the hippopotamus is a normal host of S. hippopotami. Suggestions made that the hippopotamus could be an aberrant host would require proof that ovigenesis is not subject to a seasonal periodicity, and evidence for the existence of an alternative normal host.
Improved methods for the recovery of parasitic nematodes at autopsy
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Reinecke, R.K.; Jansen, B.C.
Ticks in the South African Zoological Survey Collection : Part XIII. Gynanders of Boophilus decoloratus (Koch, 1844) and Amblyomma hebraeum (Koch,1844)
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Gothe, Rainer; Jansen, B.C.
A protogynander of B. decoloratus, a protogynander "intrique" of A. hebraeum and a metagynander of A. hebraeum are described.
Host-parasite relationships of Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischoeder, 1901, in experimentally infested ruminants, with particular reference to sheep
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Horak, Ivan Gerard; Jansen, B.C.
The life cycle of Paramphistomum microbothrium Fischoeder, 1901, in experimentally infested sheep, goats and cattle was compared and discussed. It is concluded, that of these domestic ruminants, cattle are the normal definitive hosts of P. microbothrium. The worms in cattle grow larger, migrate more rapidly, lay more eggs, live longer and the percentage take after migration is higher than that in either sheep or goats. Massive infestation of sheep and cattle resulted in retarded growth and migration of the worms. Metacercariae exposed to X-rays were dosed to sheep and the effects on the life cycle studied. The pathological anatomy, clinical pathology and symptoms of acute paramphistomiasis are described in detail and their inter-relationship is discussed. Adult cattle and sheep were successfully immunized by repeated dosage of small numbers of metacercariae (500 to I,500). Adult cattle were readily immunized either with single doses of 40,000 to 176,000 un-irradiated metacercariae or with single or divided doses of 40,000 irradiated metacercariae. Although adult sheep could be immunized, this was only completely successful with a single or divided dose of 40,000 metacercariae. Immunization of adult goats was successful with a single or divided dose of 40,000 metacercariae. The effects of immunity on paramphistomes are a marked reduction in numbers, retarded growth and rate of migration. The intradermal allergic test, a modification of the complement fixation test and the formation of precipitates around live worms incubated in sera from infested hosts were investigated.
The fungus flora of stock feeds in South Africa
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Van Warmelo, K.T.; Jansen, B.C.
A total of 60 spp. of fungi (of which 13 had not been reported before) representing 34 genera was isolated from 39 samples of feed examined. The spp. and their frequency of isolation are tabulated. The fungi most frequently encountered were: Aspergillus flavus, A. nidulans, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., Fusarium moniliforme [Gibberella fujikuroi], Hormodendrum sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, and Trichoderma viride. A. flavus was present in a viable state in 16 of the 39 feed samples, but aflatoxin could be detected chemically in only 5 of them. In 3 samples, in which aflatoxin was detected, A. flavus did not appear among the fungi isolated. Of 18 samples fed to experimental animals none produced symptoms of toxicity, although aflatoxin was present in 2 of them.
Mycobacterial PPD sensitins and the nonspecific reactor problem
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1967) Worshington, R.W.; Jansen, B.C.
A review of the literature on the history of the tuberculin test and causes of non-specific reactions in cattle is given. The economic importance of the nonspecific reactor problem in South Africa is discussed. The cultural and biochemical characteristics and in some instances the virulence for laboratory animals of the 42 strains used in the investigation are given. The strains used were typical of the species they represented in these characteristics, except for the scotochromogen Hg 3. Details are given of the preparation of PPD sensitins from one strain of M. hovis, three strains of M. kansasii, two strains of M. fortuitum, two strains of M. phlei, two strains of M. smegmatis, six M. avium and avian-like strains, two strains of scotochromogenic mycobacteria, and six strains of unclassified mycobacteria probably belonging to a single species. The allergenic characteristics of the 42 strains of Mycobacteria and the twenty four sensitins were studied in guinea pigs. Specificity differences of the sensitins and sensitivity profiles of the strains are given. The sensitivity caused by various species of mycobacteria was found to be species specific, although varying degrees of cross sensitivity do occur between different species. Guine1 pigs and cattle sensitized by all the species investigated except M. bovus is were more sensitive to avian PPD than to bovine PPD. It was shown that the specificity of the sensitivity caused by different species of mycobacteria is similar in calves and guinea pigs .Multiple comparative tests in naturally sensitized non-specific reactor cattle showed most of these animals to be more sensitive to avian tuberculin than to any of the other sensitins used in the investigation. The sensitivity profiles in these animals were similar to sensitivity profiles in guinea pigs sensitized by M. avium .This indicates that the most common cause of non-specific reactors in these herd was M. avium or avian-like mycobacteria .Field trials with Onderstepoort PPD tuberculins showed the comparative test to be more accurate than a test with bovine tuberculin alone in differentiating nonspecific reactors and tuberculous animals. The simultaneous injection of via and bovine tuberculin did not influence the sensitivity to the latter. Results are given of investigations in two herds where both non-specific reactors and tuberculous animals occurred. Non-specific reactions were more common in young and tuberculosis more common in older cattle. The most suitable interpretation standards for the comparative test and the test with bovine tuberculin alone were investigated. Suggested interpretation keys are given.

Browse

Recent Submissions