1963 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 30, 1963

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/53583

Contentes Pages: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol ??, 19??

CONTENTS

*Volume 30: Number 1*

Observations on the occurrence of African horsesickness amongst immunised horses	Howell, PG	3

Preliminary observations on the value of the guinea-pig in determining the innocuity and antigenicity of neurotropic attenuated horsesickness strains	Erasmus, BJ	11

Investigations into the cause of abortions in Angora goats in South Africa	Van Heerden, KM	23

Environmentally induced changes in Salmonella cultures	Botes, HJW	85

Observations on cestode parasites of guinea-fowl from Southern Arica	Ortlepp, RJ	95

Bigalkenema namaquensis, gen. & sp. nov., a trichostrongylid worm from sheep	Ortlepp, RJ	119


*Volume 30: Number 2*

Pseudandrya mkuzii sp. nov, (Cestoda : Hymenolepidldae) from Ichneumia albicauda	Ortlepp, RJ	127

Pereiraia raphiceri sp. nov. (Nematode : Ascaropsinae) from a steenbuck (Raphicerus campestris Thunberg, 1811)	Ortlepp, RJ	133

Clinostomid trematodes as aberrant parasites in the mouth of the domestic cat (Felis catus domesticus)	Ortlepp, RJ	137

Studies on paramphistomiasis. V. The pathological physiology of the acute disease in sheep	Horak, IG & Clark, R	145

Ovine ketosis. IV. The effect of alloxan on the ketone body and blood sugar levels of Merino wethers	Procos, J & Clark, R	161

Chemical studies on blood and tissues from Angora goats carrying to normal term and from habitually-aborting animals	Brown, JMM & De Wet, PJ	169

The urinary excretion of 5ß-pregnane-3a : 20a-diol and gestational failure in Angora goats	Brown, JMM, Van Rensburg, SJ & Gray, S	179

The embryological development of the pharyngeal region of the sheep	Gerneke, WH	191

Author index		251

Subject index		252

Browse

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16

Subject index
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Jansen, B.C.
Author index
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Jansen, B.C.
Studies on paramphistomiasis. V. The pathological physiology of the acute disease in sheep
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Horak, Ivan Gerard; Clark, R.; Jansen, B.C.
Experiments are described in which eleven sheep were artificially infested and their reactions studied in detail. The main lesion was found to be a marked decrease in plasma albumin concentration with a resultant shrinkage in plasma volume. There was no indication of anaemia. Electrolyte balance and liver and kidney function were unimpaired. Anorexia was the first symptom exhibited, commencing approximately a week after infestation. A characteristic foetid diarrhoea appeared some two weeks later. The efficacy of N-(2'chlor-4-nitrophenyl)-5-chlorsalicylamid in the treatment of this infestation was strikingly demonstrated. The main pathological lesion was pressure necrosis and erosion of the intestinal mucosa caused by the acetabular sphincter of the fluke. In all cases death occurred only when a considerable number of fluke had commenced their forward migration to the rumen. In highly susceptible sheep the percentage of metacercariae recovered at autopsy as immature paramphistomes was greater than the percentage recovered from resistant sheep after reinfestation. Resistance appeared to be stimulated by the presence of fluke in the rumen.
Bigalkenema namaquensis, gen. & sp. nov., a trichostrongylid worm from sheep
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Ortlepp, R.J.; Jansen, B.C.
Bigalkenema namaquensis n.g., n. sp., is described from domestic sheep. The new genus belongs to the Trichostrongylidae. lt is closely related to the genus Longistrongylus le Roux, from which it is separated by its dorsal ray, bifurcated near its tip and not from its base, and in that the lateral bursal rays are divergent. Two species are placed in this genus: B. namaquensis n.g., n. sp., type species, and Bigalkenema sabie (Monnig, 1932) nov. comb. The genus Longistrongylus is restricted to the two species L. meyeri. le Roux. 1931 and L. albifrontis (Monnig, 1931 ). The species Longistrongylus schrenki is transferred to a closely related new genus Kobusi-nema, characterised by parallel postero-and medio-lateral rays and a dorsal ray split only towards its tip.
Pereiraia raphiceri sp. nov. (Nematode : Ascaropsinae) from a steenbuck (Raphicerus campestris Thunberg, 1811)
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Ortlepp, R.J.; Jansen, B.C.
A new species of ascaropsid nematode, Pereiraia raphiceri, is described from the abomasum of Raphicerus campestris, N.W. Cape. Its chief characteristics are the tubular pharynx with annular thickenings; asymmetrically placed cervical papillae, a short and narrow cervical ala on either side; coiled and alate posterior extremity of the male, presence of four pairs of lateral, stalked, precloacal papillae, two pairs of ventral sessile papillae behind cloaca, and four pairs of minute papillae near tip of tail. Spicules unequal, left 1 · 8 and right 0 · 4 mm long. Vulva in anterior half of body. Eggs oval, smooth, thick-shelled, and fully embryonated when laid.
Observations on cestode parasites of guinea-fowl from Southern Africa
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Ortlepp, R.J.; Jansen, B.C.
Ortlepp reports on collections of cestodes from guinea-fowl in southern Africa located in the Veterinary Research Institute at Onderstepoort. Most of the specimens were much shrunken and coiled, rendering their study difficult. 4 new species are described. The main characteristics of Cotugnia transvaalensis n.sp. from Nutnida meleagris in the Transvaal, C. gutterae n.sp. from Guttera edouardi in Mozambique and of C. crassa and C. meleagridis (also from guinea-fowl) are shown in a table. Several fragments of Raillietina (Raillietina) angusta n.sp. from N. meleagris in Onderstepoort are characterized by the narrow strobila. Hispaniolepis multiuncinata n.sp. from G. edouardi in Northern Rhodesia is compared with related forms. Material of Davainea nana, R. (R.) steinhardti, R. (R.) pintneri, R. (Paroniella) numida, Porogynia paronai and Ascometra numida is described; comparisons are made with the descriptions of other authors. All but R. (R.) angusta of the new species and some of the known species are figured. J.W.S.
Investigations into the cause of abortions in Angora goats in South Africa
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Van Heerden, K.M.; Jansen, B.C.
The object of this publication is to record investigations into the problem of abortion among Angora goats in South Africa, which has assumed such proportions as to constitute a serious economic menace to the mohair industry. Before proceeding to the main subject, it will be of interest to record briefly the history and growth of the mohair industry in South Africa.
Ovine ketosis. IV. The effect of alloxan on the ketone body and blood sugar levels of Merino wethers
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Procos, J.; Clark, R.; Jansen, B.C.
It has been previously shown that the administration of alloxan leads to the destruction of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas (Dunn, Sheehan & McLetchie, 1943) with a subsequent development of a true diabetic condition which results in a simultaneous increase of both blood sugar and ketone body levels. A small number of workers have previously studied this condition in ruminants. Jarrett (1946) administered alloxan intravenously to sheep in doses varying from 90 to 200 mg per Kg body weight. Only blood sugar values were determined and these rose to levels of 230, 250 and 310 mg per cent in three of the animals which survived for a long period (14, 47 and 53 days respectively). McCandless, Woodward & Dye (1948) also administered alloxan to sheep in doses varying from 75 to 125 mg per Kg. The blood sugar and ketone body values, obtained sporadically during a ten day period, ranged from 146 to 218 mg per cent for the former and 11 to 51 mg per cent for the latter. Survival times varied, ranging from only 85 hours to 157 days. Schultz & Smith (1951) dosed one goat with 90 mg of alloxan per Kg. As a result the ketone body and blood sugar levels rose to 60 and 200 mg per cent respectively and the animal survived for 14 days. Finally Goetsch (1957) administered 100 mg of alloxan per Kg to non-pregnant ewes. In this instance blood sugar and ketone body levels were determined only at 24 and 48 hours after the dosing of the drug. During this period the former were found to rise on an average to a maximum of 260 mg per cent and the latter to one of 4 • 9 mg per cent. In the present experiment the animals were dosed with approximately 50 mg of alloxan per Kg and both blood sugar and ketone body levels determined. In addition the latter were partitioned into their individual fractions.
Observations on the occurrence of African horsesickness amongst immunised horses
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Howell, P.G.; Jansen, B.C.
During the course of an epizootic of African horsesickness it was possible to establish that:- (1) strains of virus apparently homologous with components of the polyvalent vaccine could be reisolated from clinically affected equines previously immunised; (2) infection by a specific immunological type of virus could be correlated with an absence of homologous antibody in the reacting animal; (3) animals failed to develop specific antibodies to certain components of the polyvalent vaccine in spite of repeated immunisation.
Environmentally induced changes in Salmonella cultures
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Botes, H.J.W.; Jansen, B.C.
Exposure to unfavourable conditions resulted in an alteration of characteristics in certain strains of Salmonella: (l) Different strains of Salmonella gallinarum yielded motile variants showing various H-antigens. In addition somatic antigenic components, not detectable in the parent strains, accompanied by altered morphological and biochemical characteristics as well as virulence were demonstrated. (2) Strains of Salmonella dublin showed a change of 0- and H-antigens and acid and gas production in inositol. It has not yet been established whether the new serotypes observed represent transitional variants of adaptive or mutant nature.
Chemical studies on blood and tissues from Angora goats carrying to normal term and from habitually-aborting animals
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Brown, J.M.M.; De Wet, P.J.; Jansen, B.C.
The results of a comparative study of the haematology and the levels of various constituents of blood taken from certain groups of ewes emanating from farms where abortion was either not known to have occurred previously and where it was most prevalent, are reported. Anaemia consequent to verminosis, sideropaenia and chronic hepatic disease are cited as possible contributing factors in the aetiology of Angora goat abortions and neonatal kid mortality. A marked difference in the liver iron and selenium content between normal and pathological foetuses has been observed. This is interpreted as evidence of early impairment in the placental transfer of nutrients between mother and foetus. Hypocupraemia was encountered in most of the animals studied. Copper deficiency in the areas concerned may be an important secondary factor on some farms.
Clinostomid trematodes as aberrant parasites in the mouth of the domestic cat (Felis catus domesticus)
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Ortlepp, R.J.; Jansen, B.C.
Two instances of clinostomid trematodes presumed to be aberrant parasites in the mouth of domestic cats are recorded from Lydenburg and Durban. These trematodes are considered to belong to a new species and are described under the name Clinostomum falsatum sp. n. The chief characteristics are the small size, being less than 5 mm long, the somewhat flattened disk-like testes, a well developed uterine sac which may extent over the ventral sucker and the median opening of the genital atrium. As only a limited number of transverse sections of the Durban worms are available, they are not specifically determined. They, however, show a close relationship to C. falsatum.
Preliminary observations on the value of the guinea-pig in determining the innocuity and antigenicity of neurotropic attenuated horsesickness strains
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Erasmus, B.J.; Jansen, B.C.
Attention is directed to the lack of a readily available small laboratory animal to replace the horse in evaluating the innocuity and antigenicity of strains of horsesickness virus attenuated for equines by serial intracerebral passage in mice. In guinea-pigs the result of the intraperitoneal injection of vaccine virus strains may range from the absence of any clinical reaction to the production of 100 per cent mortality from specific aseptic viral encephalitis. Guinea-pigs are susceptible to infection and the production of encephalitis by the intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and rectal routes of infection, but not per os or by supraconjunctival instillation. The intranasal route appears to be the most constant one for the invasion of the central nervous system by virus. Recovery from infection is followed by the appearance of serum virus neutralising antibodies in the serum, the titre varying with the antigenic potency of the particular attenuated virus strain. The value of the guinea-pig in future research into horsesickness is discussed.
Pseudandrya mkuzii sp. nov, (Cestoda : Hymenolepidldae) from Ichneumia albicauda
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Ortlepp, R.J.; Jansen, B.C.
The embryological development of the pharyngeal region of the sheep
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Gerneke, W.H.; Jansen, B.C.
In the Merino sheep (Ovis aries) four pharyngeal pouches and an ultimobranchial (postbranchial) body attached to the last pouch are formed. The development of the second and third pharyngeal pouches and of complex IV is described and discussed. Complex IV does not reach the ectoderm. A thymus II was found to exist only for two to three days. The cervical vesicle IV contributes to thymus III formation. The ultimobranchial body participates in thyroid formation while remnants of it remain as epithelial cysts in the adult thyroid. Such aberrant thyroid tissue may give rise to new follicles or undergo pathological changes if adequately stimulated (for example by iodine deficiency or in cases of increased thyroid activity such as in pregnancy). The possible role played by mesoderm or its derivatives in thyroid, thymus and ultimobranchial body formation is discussed.
The urinary excretion of 5β-pregnane-3α : 20α-diol and gestational failure in Angora goats
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1963) Brown, J.M.M.; Van Rensburg, S.J.; Gray, S.; Jansen, B.C.
The urinary excretion of pregnanediol has been studied over the full period of gestation in a group of twenty Angora ewes. A comparison is drawn between animals in which conception presumably did not occur, those which kidded normally producing strong healthy kids, and those which produced weak undersized young, stillborn kids or aborted before term. Evidence is presented suggesting that abortion, prenatal and some instances of neonatal mortality in these animals are associated with deficient luteal function and progesterone secretion during the first third of the gestational period. The urinary excretion of pregnanediol during this period appears to be a useful prognostic guide as to the outcome of gestation in pregnant Angora ewes.

Browse

Recent Submissions