1969 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Volume 36, 1969

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Contentes Pages: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol ??, 19??

CONTENTS

*Volume 36: Number 1*

A taxonomic revision of the genus Taenia Linnaeus, 1758 s. str.	Verster, A	3

"Grootlamsiekte", a specific syndrome of prolonged gestation in sheep caused by a shrub Salsola tuberculata (Fenzl ex Moq) Schinz var. tomentosa C. A. Smith ex Aellen	Basson, PA, Morgenthal, JC, Bilbrough, RB, Marais, JL, Kruger, SP & Van der Merwe, JL	59

Strongylidoses : delafondiasis in the zebra	McCully, RM, Kruger, SP, Basson, PA, Ebedes, H & Van Niekerk, JW	105

Observations on bilharziasis of domestic ruminants in South Africa	McCully, RM & Kruger, SP	129


*Volume 36: Number 2*

The optimal conditions for the multiplication of Neethling-type lumpy skin disease virus in embryonated eggs	Van Rooyen, PJ, Munz, EK & Weiss, KE	165

On the relationship between bluetongue, African horsesickness and reoviruses : hybridization studies	Verwoerd, DW & Huismans, H	175

Bluetongue virus-induced interferon synthesis	Huismans, H	181

Fluorescent antibody studies on ephemeral fever virus	Theodoridis, A	187

Antigenic relationship of Brucella ovis to Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis using the complement fixation test	Worthington, RW & Mulders, MSG	191

Antiphagocytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus antigens	Cameron, CM	199

Immunization of mice against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection	Cameron, CM & Minnaar, JL	207

Immunizing properties of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis cell walls	Cameron, CM, Minnaar, JL & Purdom, MR	211

Studies on specific oculo-vascular myiasis (uitpeuloog) in sheep. V. Histopathology	Basson, PA	217

Further studies on the epizootiology of nematode parasites of sheep in the Karoo	Viljoen, JH	233

The morphology of the immature stages of some South African Culicoides species (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae)	Nevill, EM	265

A statistical method for comparing worm burdens in two groups of sheep	Groeneveld, HT & Reinecke, RK	285

Descriptions of Hoplopleura aethomydis n. sp. and of the male of Polyplax solivaga (Anoplura : Hoplopleuridae)	Kleynhans, KPN	299

Certain aspects of the facial and trigeminal nerves of the ox (Bos taurus L.)	Le Roux, JMW	303

Research notes:

Electron microscopic studies on corriparta virus	Lecatsas, G, Erasmus, BJ & Els, HJ	321

Morphological variation in ephemeral fever virus strains	Lecatsas, G, Theodoridis, A & Els, HJ	325

Author index		327

Subject index		328

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 22

Subject index
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1969) Weiss, K.E.; Jansen, B.C.
Author index
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1969) Weiss, K.E.; Jansen, B.C.
Immunization of mice against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1969) Cameron, Colin McKenzie; Minnaar, J.L.; Weiss, K.E.
Mice were immunized with vaccines containing whole dry bacteria and adjuvant. They were challenged by the intravenous injection of living bacteria. The degree of immunity obtained was best expressed in terms of the difference in the Tangens values of the cumulative death rates between the immunized and control animals.
Morphological variation in ephemeral fever virus strains
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1969) Lecatsas, G.; Theodoridis, A.; Els, H.J.; Weiss, K.E.
Antiphagocytic activity of Staphylococcus aureus antigens
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1969) Cameron, Colin McKenzie; Weiss, K.E.
Systematic fractionation of a capsulated strain of Staphylococcus aureus has led to the isolation of two antigens which would specifically absorb opsonizing antibody from immune rabbit serum. One of these antigens was shown to be serologically identical to teichoic acid. Teichoic acid is considered to be an important antigen for mediating phagocytosis and killing of staphylococci, but other antigens may also play a role in immunity depending on the strain involved, the route of infection, and possible deleterious effects of hypersensitivity reactions.
Antigenic relationship of Brucella ovis to Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis using the complement fixation test
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1969) Worthington, R.W.; Mulders, M.S.G.; Weiss, K.E.
The CF test was used to investigate the serological relationship of Br. ovis to Br. abortus and Br. melitensis. A definite antigenic relationship between Br. ovis and Br. abortus could be demonstrated. Definitive results were obtained by absorbing sera with Br. ovis, Br. melitensis and Br. abortus before testing.
Electron microscopic studies on corriparta virus
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Lecatsas, G.; Erasmus, B.J.; Els, H.J.; Weiss, K.E.
Fluorescent antibody studies on ephemeral fever virus
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Theodoridis, A.; Weiss, K.E.
The preparation and use of a highly specific fluorescein-conjugated antiserum against bovine ephemeral fever virus are described. The demonstration of fluorescent cytoplasmic inclusions is a dependable diagnostic test. The test also revealed cross reactions between the viruses of Japanese bovine epizootic fever and Australian ephemeral fever and that of South African ephemeral fever.
Bluetongue virus-induced interferon synthesis
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Weiss, K.E.; Huismans, H. (Henk), 1942-
Bluetongue virus was found to induce interferon in mouse embryo (ME) cells and in mice. Different strains of bluetongue virus differed in their ability to induce interferon. Interferon production in ME cells commences after a 5 hour lag phase and the cells continue to produce interferon for 20 hours. Isolated double-stranded bluetongue virus RNA was found to induce maximum titres of interferon in mice approximately 4 hours earlier than was the case with whole virus.
On the relationship between bluetongue, African horsesickness and reoviruses : hybridization studies
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Verwoerd, Daniel Wynand; Weiss, K.E.; Huismans, H. (Henk), 1942-
The double-stranded ribonucleic acid from bluetongue virus (BTV), African horsesickness virus (AHSV) and reovirus has been tested for hybridization with messenger RNA derived from BTV and reovirus-infected cells. No relationship was found between reovirus and BTV or AHSV, but a small amount of hybridization between BTV and AHSV did occur.
Certain aspects of the facial and trigeminal nerves of the ox (Bos taurus L.)
(Publsihed by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Le Roux, J.M.W.; Weiss, K.E.
The author dissected thirty bovine heads to study the motor and sensory nerve supply to the zygomatic region. The motor and sensory branches to this region are supplied by the auriculopalpebral and auriculotemporal nerves respectively. It is suggested that these branches be named zygomatic branches. The buccal nerve constantly detaches a deep temporal branch, gives rise to glandular branches to the hard and soft palate and sends a communicating branch to the lingual nerve. Connections could be demonstrated between these branches and the otic ganglion and it is suggested that they carry visceral motor components. Observations on the otic and mandibular ganglia, the relations of the pterygoid, masticatory and buccal nerves and the variable course of the chorda tympani are recorded.
The optimal conditions for the multiplication of Neethling-type lumpy skin disease virus in embryonated eggs
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Van Rooyen, P.J.; Munz, E.K.; Weiss, K.E.; Weiss, K.E.
Maximum yields of lumpy skin disease virus were obtained in the chorio-allantoic membranes of 5- to 7-day embryonated eggs incubated at 33.5° to 35°C for 5 to 6 days. The route of inoculation did not significantly affect the growth pattern of the virus. There was no correlation between yield of virus and the appearance of lesions in the chorioallan toic membranes. Lesions were only produced in the membranes of 7- to 9-day embryonated eggs inoculated onto the membrane and incubated at 33 .5° and 35°C.
Descriptions of Hoplopleura aethomydis n. sp. and of the male of Polyplax solivaga (Anoplura : Hoplopleuridae)
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Kleynhans, K.P.N.; Weiss, K.E.
A new species of Hoplopleura Enderlein, 1904 and the previously unknown male of Polyplax solivaga Johnson, 1962 are described and illustrated.
A statistical method for comparing worm burdens in two groups of sheep
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Reinecke, R.K.; Weiss, K.E.; Groeneveld, Hendrik T.
In groups of experimentally infested sheep, worm distributions are markedly skew. In controlled anthelmintic tests, the worm burdens of treated and control sheep have different distributions and this invalidates the use of transformations. Five experiments are described, of which the first three describe the evolutionary steps taken to find a suitable method for interpreting the data. A non-parametric method was evolved and the last two experiments demonstrate the use of this test to interpret the results. The entire method is explained and tables are included which simplify its use for biologists with no statistical training.
The morphology of the immature stages of some South African Culicoides species (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae)
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Nevill, E.M.; Weiss, K.E.
The morphology of the fourth larval stage of eight South African Culicoides species and of the pupae of seven species was studied. The value of existing taxonomic characters was tested and several useful new characters were found. Keys were constructed for the identification of both these stages. It is hoped that these studies will form a basis for future taxonomic work on the remaining South African Culicoides species.
Observations on bilharziasis of domestic ruminants in South Africa
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) McCully, R.M.; Kruger, S.P.; Jansen, B.C.
Bilharziasis of 100 sheep and 14 cattle caused by Schistosoma mattheei Veglia & Le Roux, 1929, was studied in detail from the histopathological aspect. The ovine cases included natural as well as experimentally infested animals. The most significant changes resulted from the presence of schistosome ova and the dead schistosomes in the branches of the intrahepatic portal vein. The host reaction to the ova is of a granulomatous nature which is interpreted as a type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction. In a few cases there was an even more marked sensitivity superimposed on this. It was characterized by concentrations of eosinophiles around miracidial-containing ova as well as shells of ova present in the centre of mature granulomas. This was accompanied by necrosis of adjacent liver cord cells and necrosis of masses of eosinophiles. This appears to be analogous to the toxaemic form of human bilharziasis. In both sheep and cattle, particularly the latter, the host response to dead adult schistosomes in the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein was striking. The initial thrombosis was followed by a granulomatous response to remove the parasite, and a localized lymphoid proliferation which destroyed the wall of the vein and remained after the schistosome had been removed. The Hoeppli phenomenon occurred in response to ova in both sheep and cattle; being more pronounced and more frequently present in cattle. The conclusion is drawn by the authors that cattle are less affected by bilharziasis than sheep and goats.
Strongylidoses : delafondiasis in the zebra
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) McCully, R.M.; Kruger, S.P.; Basson, P.A.; Ebedes, H.; Van Niekerk, J.W.; Jansen, B.C.
Post mortem examinations on 125 zebras [Equus burchelli (Gray, 1824)] from the Kruger and Etosha National Parks revealed nodular and cystlike lesions of parasitic thrombophlebitis within the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein of most of the adults. These lesions contained either the larvae of the fifth stage of Delafondia vulgaris (Looss, 1900) Skrjabin, 1933. The lesion was usually a combination of thrombosis, its organization and host response to the parasite. The fifth stage specimens were larger than the sexually mature D. vulgaris present in the caecum and ventral colon. Though larger, none of the females in the liver contained ova in their uteri. Somewhat similar lesions due to fifth stage D. vulgaris were rarely observed in the pulmonary artery. Fourth stage larvae and the fifth stage of the parasite were found in the anterior mesenteric arteries and their branches of many of the zebras. Though enlarged and having thickened walls, the lumens were narrowed and none of the arteries appeared to have true aneurysms. These findings in zebras lend support to the contention of a previous investigator that it is the time factor and not the environment of the larva that determines its moults. It was obvious that some of the larvae of D. vulgaris migrate into the liver. Whether it is in the course of a normal migratory pattern or an aberrrant one was not determined. Those which become trapped in the lesions are at a dead end. The authors refer to the disease by the derivative from the generic name of the nematode, viz. "Delafondiasis".
"Grootlamsiekte", a specific syndrome of prolonged gestation in sheep caused by a shrub Salsola tuberculata (Fenzl ex Moq) Schinz var. tomentosa C. A. Smith ex Aellen
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Basson, P.A.; Morgenthal, J.C.; Bilbrough, R.B.; Marais, Johannes Lodewyk; Kruger, S.P.; Van der Merwe, J.L.; Jansen, B.C.
A specific syndrome of prolonged gestation in sheep in South West Africa was studied and eventually reproduced by artificial feeding of the shrub, S. tuberculata var. tomentosa. lt was determined that the main period of insult occurred during the last 50 days of pregnancy. The trend of both progesterone and cortisol levels resembled those of normal ewes except for a considerable delay during this 50-day period. Apart from the abnormal length of gestation and concomitant features such as retarded udder development, no signs of toxicosis were manifested by the ewes. The most significant features in the postmature lambs were progressive hypophysial, adrenal and thymic atrophy; hypertrophy of the female genitalia, polyfollicularity of the ovaries and Leydig cell hypoplasia; long haircoat, erupted incisors and pigmentation especially of the kidneys and lymph nodes, but no abnormal a natomical features were found. ln rats, rations containing the shrub prolonged both gestation and the dioestrous phase of the oestrous cycle. The active ingredient of the plant is not an oestrogenic or a nti-oestrogenic substance. It was successfully extracted with alcoholic compounds.
Further studies on the epizootiology of nematode parasites of sheep in the Karoo
(Published by the Government printer, Pretoria, 1969) Viljoen, J.H.; Weiss, K.E.
The dominant parasites in the Karoo are Nematodirus spathiger (Railliet, 1896) and Trichostrongylus falculatus Ransom , 1911 . In the moister eastern regions Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803) and Oesophagostomum columbianum (Curtice, 1890) occur but they decrease markedly as the region becomes more arid. Ostertagia circumcincta (Stadelmann , 1894) is of little or no significance. The free-living stages of N. spathiger are highly resistant to heat and desiccation, but T. falculatus cannot survive if the mean monthly mean temperatures exceed 20°C and even if the monthly rainfall exceeds 50 mm, there is but a slight increase in worm burdens. Both species reach peak worm burdens in winter. The presence of H. contortus or possibly 0. columbianum has a deleterious effect on N. spathiger. Strategic drenching is recommended in March and July and tactical drenching when climatic conditions are favourable.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Taenia Linnaeus, 1758 s. str
(Published by the Government Printer, Pretoria, 1969) Verster, Anna; Jansen, B.C.
The genus Taenia Linnaeus, 1758 sensu strictu is revised. Besides the type species, Taenia solium Linnaeus, 1758, the valid species are: T. acinonyxi; T. brachyacantha; T. crassiceps; T. crocutae; T. endothoracicus; T. gonyamai; T. hyaenae; T. hydatigena; T. ingwei; T. laticollis; T. macrocystis; T. martis; T. multiceps; T. mustelae; T. omissa; T. ovis; T. parenchymatosa; T. parva; T. pisif ormis; T. polyacantha; T. rileyi; T. regis; T. saginata; T. selousi; T. serialis; T. taeniaeformis; T. tax idiensis; T. twitchelli. " T. laticollis" of Skinker (1935) and Joyeux (1945) is renamed, T. pseudolaticollis. T. brauni is considered a subspecies of T. serialis and T. krabbei a subspecies of T. ovis. Invalid species and species inquirendae are also listed.

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