Welcoming outsiders : the nascent Jesus community as a locus of hospitality and equality (Mk 9:33–42; 10:2–16)

Abstract

The recent global economic crisis left millions of people destitute without formal work and further alienated the poor from the rich. As a remedy, modern Neoliberalism proposes that the poor must hope and steadily work their way up the economic ladder. What is the solution to such unbridgeable social and economic chasm? This article used the contemporary situation of economic inequality to imagine events during the first century, during Jesus’ time, whereby the rich increasingly amassed wealth to the disadvantage of the poor majority. In this article, Mark 9:33–42 and 10:10–16 was used to explore how Jesus developed an alternative economic system − one that contrasted itself in every respect from that of the hierarchical and patriarchal Roman Empire. This article argued that Jesus formed communities that directly responded to the economic challenges faced by the landless and the homeless majority by creating an alternative economy based on love and hospitality. This was done by proposing that Mark 9:33–42 and 10:2–16 are amongst the passages where the two rival economies were contrasted by way of two different household economies. Firstly, the economic system outside the house that typified the hierarchical Roman economy, and secondly, the economic system inside the house that referred to Jesus’ alternative system whereby he taught his disciples to welcome the homeless, the landless and the poor. Before developing this further, the plausible social context of the stories was attended to.

Die onlangse globale krisis het miljoene mense sonder formele werk gelaat en so die vervreemding tussen arm en ryk verder vergroot. Die moderne ideologie van neo-liberalisme stel voor dat die armes steeds hoopvol moet bly en hulleself geleidelik op ekonomiese gebied opwerk. Wat is die oplossing vir die byna onoorbrugbare sosiale en ekonomiese kloof tussen arm en ryk? Hierdie artikel gebruik die huidige situasie van sosiale polariteit om aan te dui dat ’n soortgelyke situasie reeds in Jesus se tyd bestaan het − toe rykes ryker geword het ten koste van die armes. Markus 9:33–42 en 10:2–16 word gebruik om aan te toon hoe Jesus ’n ‘alternatiewe ekonomiese sisteem’ geskep het wat lynreg teenoor die onderdrukkende hiërargiese en patriargale Romeinse Ryk gestaan het. Jesus het geloofsgemeenskappe gevorm wat direk op die ekonomiese uitdagings van die haweloses gereageer het deur ‘alternatiewe ekonomiese sisteem’ te skep, gebaseer op liefde en gasvryheid. Tekste soos Markus 9:33–42 en 10:2–16 kontrasteer op strategiese wyse die twee opponerende ekonomiese sisteme deur twee verskillende ‘ekonomiese huise’ uit te beeld: die ideologie van die ‘die ekonomie van die breë samelewing’ wat die hiërargiese Romeinse ekonomie vergestalt, en die ideologie van die ‘die ekonomie van die huishouding’ waar Jesus sy dissipels oproep om radikaal om te gee vir en uit te reik na armes, haweloses, weduwees en weeskinders. Voordat hierdie verder ondersoek is, is die moontlike sosiale konteks van die Skrifgedeeltes ondersoek.