Velocardiofacial syndrome - a syndrome with many faces

Abstract

Among the many features with which velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) may present, we review in this paper the literature on working memory deficits, dysmorphic features, co-morbid obsessive-compulsive disorder, early deviant behaviour, functional impairment, and early age of onset of schizophrenia. These features are considered in a case series of 5 patients, and in addition we report on uncommon features. We highlight the importance of appropriate genetic counselling and need for preventive treatments in the future. Considering that covert symptoms in VCFS may easily be overlooked, we call for clinical vigilance in detecting VCFS among patients suffering from schizophrenia using the Bassett and Chow criteria, because the diagnosis of VCFS is of importance in determining prognosis and providing appropriate genetic counselling.