1935 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, Volume 4, 1935

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Contentes Pages: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol ??, 19??

CONTENTS

*Volume 4: Number 1*

Section I: Haematology

Blood groups of the horse with special reference to their significance in blood transfusion and in horsesickness immunisation	Fourie, PJJ	7

Section II: Poisonous Plants

The occurrence of cyanogenetic glucosides in South African species of Acacia. I	Rimington, C & Steyn, DG	51

Isolation of the toxic principles of Cucumis africanus L.f., Cucumis myriocarpus Naud. emend. Schweickerdt and of Cucumis leptodermis Schweickerdt sp. nov. :their characterisation as trilactones belonging to the "Bitter Principle" class	Rimington, C	65

Section III: Mineral Metabolism and Nutrition

The influence of rations low in certain minerals on the composition of the blood and milk of cows, and on the blood of their progeny	Groenewald, JW	93

The effect of type of feed on the solids-not-fat content of milk	Roux, LL, Murray, GN & Schutte, DJ	167

Sulphur metabolism. I. The absorption and excretion of flowers of sulphur	Kellermann, JH	199

Studies in mineral metabolism. XXXII. The effect of different forms of sulphur in the diet upon the growth and wool production of sheep	Du Toit, PJ, Malan, AI, Groenewald, JW & Botha, ML	229


*Volume 4: Number 2*

Section I: Protozoal Diseases

The symptomatology and treatment of Trypanosoma congolense infection of canines	Parkin, BS	247

Symptomatology of some Trypanosomiases of domestic animals	Parkin, BS	251

A short study of bovine anaplasmosis with special reference to the chemotherapy	Parkin, BS	269

The treatment of T. brucei infection of equines with Antimosan	Parkin, BS	281

Antimosan-fastness of T. congolense	Parkin, BS	285

The intravenous administration of Styrylquinoline in equine trypanosomiasis	Parkin, BS	287

Section II: Virus Diseases

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness I: Neurotropic fixation	Alexander, RA	291

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness II: Some physical and chemical properties	Alexander, RA	323

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness III: The intracerebral protection test and its application to the study of immunity	Alexander, RA	349

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness IV: The pathogenesis in horses	Alexander, RA	379

A Rickettsia-like organism and an unknown intracellular organism of the conjunctival epithelium of goats	Coles, JDWA	389

Section III: Plant Studies and Poisonous Plants

Recent investigations into the toxicity of known and unknown poisonous plants in the Union of South Africa	Steyn, DG	399

Plant poisoning of stock and the development of tolerance	Steyn, DG	417

Psilocaulon absimile N.E.Br. as a stock poison : II. Isolation of the toxic alkaloidal constituent and its identification as piperidine hydrochloride	Rimington, C	421

Section IV: Mineral Metabolism and Deficiency

Further observations on the cystine deficiency of lucerne proteins and the effect of heat and incubation upon their growth-promoting value	Kellermann, JH	437

Studies on the origin of sulphur in wool : II. A cuprous mercaptide method for the determination of cystine or cysteine	Rossouw, SD	453

Section V: Studies on Photosensitisation

Studies on the photosensitisation of animals in South Africa. VIII. The biological formation of phylloerythrin in the digestive tracts of various domesticated animals	Quin, JI, Rimington, C & Roets, GCS	463

Section VI: Sex Physiology

Studies in sex physiology. No. 13. The changing proportions of the merino lamb from the second to the fifth month of prenatal life	Curson, HH & Malan, AP	481

Section VII: Animal Husbandry

Rearing dairy calves	Roux, LL	495

Studies in native animal husbandry. 11. An ambo bull described	Bisschop, JHR & Curson, HH	541

The influence of pregnancy and lactation on merino wool production	Bosman, V	551

Section VIII: Miscellaneous

Anatomical studies No. 51. Hypermastia and hyperthelia in cattle	Groenewald, JW	559

Anatomical studies No. 52. Two cases of false masculine hermaphroditism in cattle (Path. nos. 5018 and 11125)	Curson, HH	563

Anatomical studies No.53. Local thickening of the vascular system in a horse	De Lange, M & Belonje, CWA	571

Anatomical studies No. 54. False masculine hermaphroditism in a pig (Path. no. 12926)	Fourie, J	573

Anatomical studies No. 55. A mummified bovine foetus	Van der Walt, SJ	575

Anatomical studies No. 56. Monophthalmos in a horse	Van der Walt, SJ	577

Anatomical studies No. 57. An abnormally placed vulva in a heifer	Hofmeyr, CFB	579

Author index and Subject index		581

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 36

Studies on the neurotropic virus of horsesickness I. Neurotropic fixation
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Alexander, R.A.; South Africa. Dept. of Agricultural Technical Services
l. Reference is made to the previous reports on the susceptibility to horsesickness of animals other than equines. 2. The technique for the neurotropic adaptation and maintenance of a strain of virus is described in detail. 3. Direct intra-cranial injection is the only certain method of setting up the disease. The subcutaneous, intra-muscular and intraperitoneal routes are uncertain and unsatisfactory. The disease is not transmitted per os or by direct or indirect contact. 4. The symptoms and course of the disease are detailed. 5. The virus multiplies and remains concentrated in the brain. It spreads centrifugally down the cord to the peripheral nerves and appears to be exclusively neurophilic. The localization of the virus is discussed. 6. In guinea-pigs the essential features of the disease are similar to those in mice. The febrile nature of the reaction is described. 7. Symptoms, course, localization of the virus and methods of infection are described. 8. The susceptibility of the rat and the course of the disease is described and discussed. 9. The methods adopted to identify the disease excitant transmitted to and maintained in mice, guinea-pigs and rats are described. 10. Attention is directed to the susceptibility of Tatera lobengula and Mastomys coucha and to the insusceptibility of the rabbit.
Author index
(1935)
Anatomical studies No. 57. An abnormally placed vulva in a heifer
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Hofmeyr, C.F.B.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
The influence of pregnancy and lactation on Merino wool production
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Bosman, V.; Du Toit, P.J.
A comparison is made of the influence of pregnancy and lactation on two groups of merino stud ewes maintained under farming conditions in the Karoo. Pregnancy does not influence the fibre fineness of merino wool significantly. Lactation and the suckling of lambs influences the fibre fineness of merino wool. The reduction in fineness ranged from 11•7 to 25•9 per cent. in individuals. The reduction of fineness for the group was 12•7 per cent. Lactation reduced fibre fineness by one, two or three quality numbers. The fleece density or compactness of the fleece is reduced by 8•8 to 30•6 per cent. due to the refining of the fibre during lactation and the suckling of lambs. The scoured fleece weights are reduced by •3 to •7 pounds during the period of lactation and the suckling of lambs.
Studies in native animal husbandry. 11. An Ambo bull described
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Bisschop, J.H.R.; Curson, H.H.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
Rearing dairy calves
(The Government Printer, Pretoria, 1935) Roux, L.L.; Du Toit, P.J.
1. Two rations for rearing dairy calves up to six months of age were tested. 2. Ten grade Friesland calves reared as milk substitute which was supplemented by lucerne hay, attained 85 per cent. Normal weight and 99•1 per cent. normal height. (a)The average birth and final weights were 82•4 lb. and 325•6 lb. respectively, and the average daily gain was 1.34 lb. (b) The feed costs per calf were £3. 4s. 5d. and the feed costs per hundred pounds gain in weight were £1. 6s. 6d. When on pasture from six to twelve months of age, these calves attained 95 per cent. normal weight and 100•3 per cent. normal height at one year of age. It is deducted that, while maximum weight was not attained on the experimental ration, growth was, nevertheless, satisfactory, as the calves were 99•1 per cent. normal height at six months of age, and they were able to show rapid advancement when put on pasture. 3. Ten grade Friesland calves reared on a skim milk ration supplemented by maize and lucerne hay, attained 113•2 per cent. normal weight and 99•9 per cent. normal height. (a)The average birth and final weight were 81.2 lb. ad 382.2 lb. respectively. And the average daily gain was 1•67 lb. (b) The feed costs per calf were £3. 15s. 01/2d. and the feed costs per hundred pounds gain in weight were £1. 4s. 11d. When on pasture from six to twelve months of age, these calves attained 103•8 per cent. normal weight and 102•1 per cent. normal height at one year of age. It may be deducted that maximum growth was attained on this experimental ration. 4. The milk substitute ration did not prove to be as efficient as the skim milk ration. However, the two rations tested serve two distinct purposes and they are both considered suitable and economical for rearing desirable types of dairy calves.
Studies on the photosensitisation of animals in South Africa. VIII. The biological formation of phylloerythrin in the digestive tracts of various domesticated animals
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Quin, J. I.; Rimington, C.; Roets, G.C.S.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
Studies in sex physiology, No. 13. The changing proportions of the Merino lamb from the second to the fifth month of prenatal life
(Pretoria : The Government Printer, 1935) Curson, H.H.; Malan, A.P.
This Study, the fourth of a series on merino foetus, is concerned with the effect of age on (a) general body form, (b) body weight. (c) C.R. length, and (d) the relationship between the increase in weights and C.R. length. A comparison (e) is also made with the human foetuses. The changes observed are well illustrated in the Plates and five Charts. Previous Studies should be consulted for particular regarding material. In conclusion, we wish to record our indebtedness to Messrs. T. Meyer and G. C. Walker for their excellent work in regard to the Plates and Charts.
Anatomical studies No. 56. Monophthalmos in a horse
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Van der Walt, S.J.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
Anatomical studies No. 55. A mummified bovine foetus
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Van der Walt, S.J.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
Anatomical studies No. 54. False masculine hermaphroditism in a pig (Path. no. 12926)
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Fourie, J.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
Anatomical studies No. 53. Local thickening of the vascular system in a horse
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) De Lange, M.; Belonje, C.W.A.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
Anatomical studies No. 52. Two cases of false masculine hermaphroditism in cattle (Path. nos. 5018 and 11125)
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Curson, H.H.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
Anatomical studies No. 51. Hypermastia and hyperthelia in cattle
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Groenewald, J.W.; Du Toit, P.J.
No abstract available.
Studies on the origin of sulphur in wool : II. A cuprous mercaptide method for the determination of cystine or cysteine
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Rossouw, S.D.; Du Toit, P.J.
1. A. method for the micro-determination of cystine in biological or plant material has been described. The dried material is hydrolysed with 40 per cent. sulphuric acid the cystine precipitated by cuprous chloride as the cysteine cuprous mercaptide. The cysteine content of this is determined by the modified Sullivan method. 2. The interfering colouring matter is automatically eliminated. 3. The method is quick and comparatively easy.
Further observations on the cystine deficiency of lucerne proteins and the effect of heat and incubation upon their growth-promoting value
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Kellermann, J.H.; Du Toit, P.J.
Lucerne is not only high in minerals and vitamins but also in proteins, yet, curiously enough, it is rather low in cysteine as determined biologically with rats by Haag (1931). This discovery may be of importance to parts of this and other countries where some domestic animals are, for certain seasons of the year, almost solely subsistent on the Lucerne plant. However, it is dangerous to reason by analogy from one species to another, and it cannot be inferred, therefore, that Lucerne is low in cysteine for animals such as, for instance, sheep and cattle, in view of the great anatomical and physiological differences in their digestive systems. Furthermore, even though Lucerne is low in cysteine, the large capacity of ruminants for food may make it possible for them to obtain enough of this essential amino-acid to promote normal growth and production. Another probability is that sheep may be capable of synthesizing cysteine through a special function of their wool follicles as suggested by Fraser and Roberts (1932), or through a symbiotic action of their intestinal flora and fauna (bacteria, protozoa, etc.), as postulated by Rimington and others (1932, 1933). The latter hypothesis has given impetus to studies in this field, and the preliminary experiments, to be presented in this paper, have been carried out with the object of seeing whether Haag’s results could be substantiated and what the effect of heat and incubation with a sheep’s “ruminal juice” would be upon the utilization of Lucerne-meal proteins by the rat. Furthermore, because maize, Lucerne and teff (Eragrostis Abyssinica) form three of the major food materials for animals in this country, it was thought of interest to study also the supplementary values of maize-lucerne and maize-teff proteins.
Psilocaulon absimile N.E.Br. as a stock poison : II. Isolation of the toxic alkaloidal constituent and its identification as piperidine hydrochloride
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Rimington, C.; Du Toit, P.J.
The alkaloid present in Psilocaulon articulatum, N.E.Br. has been isolated and identified as Piperidine. It occurs in plant in part as the hydrochloride and is present to the extent of approximately 4.5 per cent. Of the dry weight. Piperidine picrolonate has been prepared and described. It crystallises in golden-yellow hexagonal tables with M.P. 232-234°. The melting point of piperidine picrate is recorded as 149-149.5° and that of the gold salt as 173-176°. Piperidine has not hitherto been found as a naturally occurring alkaloid in plants, although it is component of certain important alkaloids such as, for example, piperine and coniine. Only one other alkaloid has been reported in the family Aizoaceae, the alkaloid “Mesembrine” which was not definitely characterised as a pure substance. Death due to acute poisoning following the ingestion of Psilocaulon absimile by grazing stock is to be attributed in large measure to the action of the alkaloid. Chronic poisoning is almost certainly due to the effects of the large quantity of oxalic acid which the plant also contains. The toxicological effects upon rabbits and frogs of preparations of piperidine hydrochloride obtained from the plant are briefly described in the present paper. Good quality piperidine is only obtainable commercially at a high price, about £6.8s. per lb., and it is suggested that the plant Psilocaulon absimile, which is widely distributed in the Union and useless as a fodder, might serve as cheap alternative source for the manufacture of this material.
Plant poisoning in stock and the development of tolerance
(1935) Steyn, D.G.; Du Toit, P.J.
From the results of experiments conducted upon fourteen rabbits it appears that repeated ingestion of small amounts of slangkop does not induce the development of tolerance but that the plant has cumulative effects. What has been said about gifblaar (Steyn, 1934) in this repect, is also applicable to slangkop. As the active principle of slangkop belongs to the digitalis series the above findings are not at all surprising.
Recent investigations into the toxicity of known and unknown poisonous plants in the Union of South Africa
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Steyn, D.G.; Du Toit, P.J.
1. Thirty-seven plants were tested biologically. 2. The following plants, of which no records of toxicity could be found in the literature consulted, were found poisonous to animals : Hertia pallens (D C) Kuntze; Ferraria welwitchii Bkr.; and Phytolacca dioica L. The fruit of Phytolacca dioica appeared to cause death through hoven, whilst the leaves drenched in the dry state apparently had no ill-effects on sheep. 3. Acacia giraffae Willd., A. lasiopetala Oliv., and A. litakunensis Burch. Were found to contain hydrocyanic acid (cyanogeneticglucosides) whilst the test for this poison in A. Arabica Willd. A. karoo Hayne, and A. permixta Burtt-Davy were negative. 4. One of two specimens of Sorghum sudanense Stapf. examined contained the cyanogenetic glucoside but not the enzyme necessary for the liberation of hydrocyanic acid.
A Rickettsia-like organism and an unknown intracellular organism of the conjunctival epithelium of goats
(Pretoria : Government Printer, 1935) Coles, J.D.W.A.; Du Toit, P.J.
(1) A Rickettsia-like organism of the conjunctival epithelium of the goat has been described. It is associated with specific or infectious ophthalmia of goats in South Africa. (2) An unknown intracellular organism of the conjunctival epithelium of the goat in South Africa has been described. It may be associated with a very mild form of conjunctival catarrh. Until more is known of the vectors of the Rickettsia-like•organisms associated with the specific ophthalmias of the sheep, ox, and goat, and of the unknown intracellular organisms found in the conjunctival epithelium of these three species, it appears to be unwise to assign names in addition to Rickettsia conjunctivae, the name already given to the Rickettsia-like organism of the conjunctival epithelium of sheep.

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