Nyakale, Nozipho E.Filippi, LucaAldous, ColleenSathekge, Mike Machaba2024-04-192024-04-192023-04Nyakale, N.; Filippi, L.; Aldous, C.; Sathekge, M. Update on PET Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers 2023, 15, 1975. https://DOI.org/10.3390/cancers15071975.2072-6694 (online)10.3390/cancers15071975http://hdl.handle.net/2263/95690Numerous positron emission tomography (PET) targets for detection and staging of hepatocellular cancer have been developed in recent years. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) are clinically and pathologically heterogeneous tumours with a high tendency to be aggressive and unresponsive to chemotherapy. Early detection is essential, and the need for an adequate imaging biomarker, which can overcome some of the limitations of conventional radiological imaging, is persistent. Flourine-18 (18F) flourodeoxyglucose (FDG), the most widely used PET radiopharmaceutical, has proven disappointing as a possible staple in the evaluation of HCC. This disappointment had led to experimentation with carious radiotracers, such as the choline derivatives, acetate, and prostatespecific membrane antigen, which appear to complement and/or enhance the role of FDG. In this study, we look at the various PET radiopharmaceuticals that have been used for imaging HCC and the particular pathways that they target in HCC and liver cancers.en© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.Hepatocellular cancerCholineYttrium-90Positron emission tomography (PET)Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)Flourodeoxyglucose (FDG)Fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (FAPI)SDG-03: Good health and well-beingArticle