Narh, Deborah L.Wingfield, Brenda D.Coetzee, Martin Petrus Albertus2026-03-112026-03-112026-03Narh, D.L., Wingfield, B.D. & Coetzee, M.P.A. 2026, 'Proteomic and secretomic response of an African Armillaria species to iron', Journal of Proteome Research, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1611-1625, doi : 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00979.1535-3893 (print)1535-3907 (online)10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00979http://hdl.handle.net/2263/108881SUPPORTING INFORMATION FIGURE S1. Synteny maps of putative siderophore BGCs; a pdf document containing synteny maps of the three putative siderophore BGCs in the genome of strain CMW4456 compared to those of putative siderophore BGCs in the genomes of other Armillaria spp. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL S1. Quantitative differences in the protein expression profiles in the respective sample groups; an excel sheet which contains quantitative differences in the protein expression profiles in the respective sample groups; the definitions of the headings can be found in the sheet named “Definitions; all proteins discussed in the manuscript have been highlighted. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Data reported in this manuscript and all other supporting information available in the manuscript are openly available online. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org) via the PRIDE104 partner repository with the data set identifier PXD068883. Publicly available genomes and RNA sequences of Armillaria species were analyzed for the proteogenomic study. These data can be found at https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/species-tree/tree;05h0Ue?organism=physalacriaceae and at NCBI GenBank with accession number JANDKJ000000000.Armillaria species have attracted considerable research interest, because they are widely distributed, mostly plant-pathogenic, and exhibit unique characteristics. Abiotic factors influence intra- and interspecies variations in pathogenicity and/or virulence of these fungi. However, the mechanisms involved in causing these variations are not well understood. Iron is an indispensable element in several molecular and biological processes. Yet, excessive abundance of iron can be toxic to organisms due to Fenton-like reactions. This study aimed to gain insights into the type and extent of iron-responsive proteomic and secretomic changes in Armillaria sp. strain CMW4456 cultured in liquid media supplemented with iron using a multiomics approach. Significant iron-dependent alterations of proteins involved in metabolism and growth were observed in the proteomes and secretomes. Iron supplementation at 100 μM did not elicit an oxidative stress response by the fungus. Our analyses revealed three putative siderophore biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in the genome and expression of proteins encoded by some BGC genes in the proteome. This knowledge contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms employed by an Armillaria sp. in response to iron, gives insights into possible modes for inhibiting or attenuating the pathogenicity and/or virulence of Armillaria spp., and can be valorized for more biotechnological applications.en© 2026 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This publication is licensed under CC-BY 4.0 .BasidiomyceteSecretomicsSecondary metabolite gene clustersProteogenomicsPhytopathogenIron homeostasisFungal proteomicsArticle