Ding, HuimingCallaghan, PatrickGu, QingEbersohn, L. (Liesel)2025-01-302025Huiming Ding, Patrick Callaghan, Qing Gu & Liesel Ebersöhn (31 Dec 2024): Validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) in rural contexts in South Africa, Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health, DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2024.2438368.1728-0583 (print)1728-0591 (online)10.2989/17280583.2024.2438368http://hdl.handle.net/2263/100395INTRODUCTION : Resilience is central to young children’s healthy and happy development. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-R) has been widely used in several countries. However, its construct validity among young children in rural South Africa has not been examined. We investigated the construct structure of the CYRM-R for foundation-phase learners (i.e., grades R/0-3) in rural primary schools in South Africa. METHODS : The CYRM-R was translated into the local language Setswana and tested on 1 088 learners attending 10 schools in socioeconomically disadvantaged rural communities in the North West province. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the CYRM-R scale and examine its construct structure. RESULTS : Our findings suggested a two-factor (i.e., personal resilience, caregiver resilience) structure of the CYRM-R with some items removed or reclassified as preferable or relative to other examined solutions. CFA results showed that the optimal model represents a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.037, CFI = 0.929, TFI = 0.915), explaining 83.4% of the variance. CONCLUSION : The Setswana version of the CYRM-R is a reliable and valid measure of resilience in young children in a rural South African context and can be used to assess resilience in young children in Setswana-speaking populations.en© 2024 NISC Pty Ltd. This is an electronic version of an article published in Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, vol. , no. ., pp. , 2025. doi : 10.2989/17280583.2024.2438368. Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health is available online at : http://www.tandfonline.comloi/rcmh20.ResilienceChild and youth resilience measure (CYRM-R)Primary schoolsRural South AfricaSocioeconomic disadvantageYoung childrenSDG-03: Good health and well-beingSDG-04: Quality educationPostprint Article