Mayaphi, Simnikiwe HoratiousBrauer, MariekeMorobadi, Daniel M.Mazanderani, Ahmad HaeriMafuyeka, Rendani T.Olorunju, Steve A.S.Tintinger, Gregory RonaldStoltz, Anton Carel2014-09-012014-09-012014-04-03Mayaphi SH, Brauer M, Morobadi DM, Mazanderani AH, Mafuyeka RT, et al. (2014) Cytomegalovirus Viral Load Kinetics in Patients with HIV/AIDS Admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Case for Pre-Emptive Therapy. PLoS ONE 9(4): e93702. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0093702.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0093702http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41864BACKGROUND : Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is associated with severe diseases in immunosuppressed patients; however, there is a lack of data for pre-emptive therapy in patients with HIV/AIDS. METHOD : This was a retrospective study, which enrolled patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS (CD4,200 cells/ml), who had detectable CMV viral load (VL) during their stay in an adult medical intensive care unit between 2009–2012. RESULTS : After screening 82 patients’ records, 41 patients met the enrolment criteria. Their median age was 37 (interquartile range [IQR]: 31–46), and median CD4 count was 29 cells/ml (IQR: 5–55). Sixteen patients (39%) had serial measurements of CMV VL before treatment with ganciclovir. Patients whose baseline CMV VL values were between 1,000–3,000 copies/ml had significantly higher values (median of 14,650 copies/ml) on follow-up testing done 4–12 days later. Those with undetectable VLs at baseline testing had detectable VLs (median of 1,590 copies/ml) mostly within 20 days of follow-up testing. Patients who had VLs .1,000 copies/ml at baseline testing had significantly higher mortality compared to those who had ,1,000 copies/ml {hazard ratio of 3.46, p = 0.003 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55–7.71]}. Analysis of the highest CMV VL per patient showed that patients who had VLs of .5,100 copies/ml and did not receive ganciclovir had 100% mortality compared to 58% mortality in those who received ganciclovir at VLs of .5,100 copies/ml, 50% mortality in those who were not treated and had low VLs of ,5,100 copies/ml, and 44% mortality in those who had ganciclovir treatment at VLs of ,5,100 copies/ml (p = 0.084, 0.046, 0.037, respectively). CONCLUSION : This study showed a significantly increased mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS who had high CMV VLs, and suggests that a threshold value of 1,000 copies/ml may be appropriate for pre-emptive treatment in this group.en© 2014 Mayaphi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.TherapyHIV/AIDSHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)Cytomegalovirus (CMV)CMV viral load (VL)Immunosuppressed patientsArticle