Rapoport, Bernardo LeonGarcia‑Morillo, MarcialFont, CarmeSamoon, ZarkaJabbar, Adnan AbdulKourie, Hampig RaphaelKayumba, AlineEsposito, FrancisPopescu, Razvan AndreiGarcia‑Gomez, JesusHeyman, LiezlSmit, TeresaKrendyukov, AndriyMathieson, NicolaCooksley, TimAnderson, RonaldKlastersky, Jean2024-01-182024-01-182023-10-13Rapoport, B.L., Garcia-Morillo, M., Font, C. et al. 2023, 'A prospective, real‑world, multinational study of febrile neutropenia (FN) occurrence in oncology patients receiving chemotherapy with intermediate risk of FN : a MASCC neutropenia, infection, and myelosuppression study group initiative', Supportive Care in Cancervol. 31, no. 628, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-023-08071-0.0941-4355 (print)1433-7339 (online)10.1007/s00520-023-08071-0http://hdl.handle.net/2263/94006DATA AVAILABILITY : Novartis supports the publication of scientifically rigorous analysis that is relevant to patient care, regardless of a positive or negative outcome. Qualified external researchers can request access to anonymized patient-level data, respecting patient-informed consent, through www. clini calst udyda tareq uest. com, according to requirements noted on the web portal.PURPOSE : Limited knowledge is available on the incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) in intermediate-risk patients and the rationale for use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in these patients. We aimed to estimate the rate at which patients associated with intermediate risk (10–20%) of FN would develop ≥ 1 episode of FN with a commonly used chemotherapy regimen in clinical practice. METHODS : This prospective, real-world, observational, multinational, multicenter study (December 2016–October 2019) recruited patients with solid tumors or Hodgkin’s/non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Patients receiving chemotherapy with intermediate risk of FN, but not G-CSF as primary prophylaxis were included and observed for the duration of the chemotherapy (≤ 6 cycles and ≤ 30 days after the last chemotherapy administration). RESULTS : In total, 364 patients (median age, 56 years) with 1601 cycles of chemotherapy were included in the analysis. The incidence of FN was 5% in cycle 1, 3% in cycles 2–3, and 1% in cycles 4–6. The rate of patients with ≥ 1 episode of FN was 9%, and 59% of FN events were reported during cycle 1. The rate of grade 4 neutropenia in cycle 1 was 11%, and 15% of patients experienced ≥ 1 episode of grade 4 neutropenia. CONCLUSIONS : Overall, the incidence of FN was low, with a high incidence in cycle 1 and a decrease in the subsequent cycles. These results provide the real FN risk for common chemotherapy regimens in patients generally excluded from clinical trials. Prophylactic G-CSF in intermediate-risk patients could be considered as per clinician’s judgement.en© The Author(s) 2023. Open access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.ChemotherapyNeutropeniaFebrile neutropeniaRiskSDG-03: Good health and well-beingArticle