Motaung, Thabiso EricSteenkamp, Emma Theodora2021-12-142021-12-142021-07Motaung, T.E., Steenkamp, E.T. 2021. Extracellular vesicles in teasing apart complex plant-microbiota links: implications for microbiome-based biotechnology. mSystems 6:e00734-21. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSystems.00734-21.2379-5077 (online)10.1128/ mSystems.00734-21http://hdl.handle.net/2263/83048Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular carriers of bioactive compounds with a complex array of functional effects on target cells. In mammals, circulating bodily fluid microbiota EVs (mbEVs) deliver cargo from source cells and adversely or favorably alter the physiology of the same source, neighboring, and distant recipient cells in an autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine fashion, respectively. Plant mbEVs may similarly mediate these interactive effects within the holobiont framework. However, the majority of plant EV research has focused on a small number of individual microbes, thus failing to reflect the importance of EVs in a community and consequently leaving a wide gap in scientific knowledge. Addressing this gap should entail a systemslevel approach that combines vesicle characterization with microbiome analyses. This would certainly usher in a new age in microbial biotechnology entailing EVs as a microbiome manipulation strategy, a biomarker for stable microbiomes, and a diagnostic tool for plant infectious diseases.en© 2021 Motaung and Steenkamp. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.Extracellular vesiclesMicrobiomeMicrobiome biotechnologyPlantmicrobe interactionPlant immunityBiomarkerDiagnosticsMicrobiota manipulationArticle