Marmon, Brooks2022-04-042022Brooks Marmon (2022) Operation Refugee: the Congo Crisis and the end of humanitarian imperialism in Southern Rhodesia, 1960, Cold War History, 22:2, 131-152, DOI: 10.1080/14682745.2021.1933950.1468-2745 (print)1743-7962 (online)10.1080/14682745.2021.1933950http://hdl.handle.net/2263/84772Thousands of whites fled the former Belgian Congo in the weeks after independence. This movement had a significant impact on the politics of Southern Rhodesia. Disquieted whites in Rhodesia feared they might face a similar fate. They apprehensively mobilised in an effort known as Operation Refugee to support the displaced. Conversely, black nationalists were energised by the disruption. Their ranks increased and their rhetoric became more confrontational. While the transnational Congo Crisis is routinely evaluated through the framework of the Cold War, in the region’s white settler territories, the decolonisation imperative was another critical perspective through which the events in the Congo were perceived.en© 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an electronic version of an article published in Cold War History, vol. , no. , pp. , 2021.doi :. Cold War History is available online at : http://www.tandfonline.comloi/fcwh20 [18 months embargo]RaceZimbabweDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC)RefugeesDecolonisationTransnationalismPostprint Article