Human health risk assessment of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 and its impact on mortality in Nkangala and Gert Sibande, South Africa

Millar, Danielle AnnKapwata, ThandiHoward, Marcus A.Oosthuizen, RiethaNaidoo, NatashaWright, Caradee Yael2025-10-312025-10-312025-08Millar, D.A., Kapwata, T., Howard, M.A. et al. 2025, 'Human health risk assessment of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 and its impact on mortality in Nkangala and Gert Sibande, South Africa', Annals of Global Health, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 1-17, doi : 10.5334/aogh.4779.2214-9996 (online)10.5334/aogh.4779http://hdl.handle.net/2263/105066Please read abstract in the article.en© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).Air pollutionHealth risk assessment (HRA)Air qualityCriteria pollutantsEnvironmental healthFine particulate matterLong‑term exposureLung functionNitrogen dioxideShort‑term exposureSulphur dioxideHighveld priority area (HPA)StrokeChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Lower respiratory infections (LRI)Human health risk assessment of PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 and its impact on mortality in Nkangala and Gert Sibande, South AfricaArticle