Mazenda, AdrinoObi, AjuruchukwuKisaka-lwayo, MaggieAntwi, Michael2026-02-042026-02-042026-06Mazenda, A., Obi, A., Kisaka-Lwayo, M. et al. 2026, 'Climate change risks and climate adaptation in agro-processing enterprises', Climate Resilience and Sustainability, vol. 5, no. 1, art. e70030, pp. 1-12, doi : 10.1002/cli2.70030.2692-4587 (online)10.1002/cli2.70030http://hdl.handle.net/2263/107814This study is part of a project titled “Overview Study for the Agro-processing and Agribusiness Sector in Gauteng.” The project was commissioned by the Gauteng City-Region Observatory (GCRO) in collaboration with the Enterprise University of Pretoria (Pty) Ltd (Enterprises UP). The Gauteng Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (GDARD) serves as the facilitating agency for this project. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The experimental data and simulation results supporting this study's findings are available in Figshare with the identifier. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.28644995.v1While climate change research has focused mainly on primary agriculture, evidence shows that Agro-processing enterprises also face climate risks affecting resource availability and use. Using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), this study analysed how socio-demographic factors (sex, age, marital status, education, and training) influence participation in agro-enterprises and climate adaptation strategies among 113 agro-processing enterprises in Gauteng, South Africa. Results show that direct participation in Agro-processing does not significantly predict adaptation (β = 0.025), indicating profit-driven rather than resilience-oriented engagement. Education significantly enhances participation in Agro-processing (β = 0.325, 95% CI = [0.196, 0.457]) and adaptation (β = 0.325, 95% CI = [0.168, 0.477]), with a positive indirect effect (β = 0.106, 95% CI = [0.049, 0.173]). Sex negatively predicts participation (β = –0.181), showing higher female involvement, while other variables were insignificant. Policy interventions should integrate climate education, targeted training, and capacity-building initiatives to strengthen resilience among Agro-processing enterprises.en© 2025 The Author(s). Climate Resilience and Sustainability published by Royal Meteorological Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.Agro-processing enterprisesClimate change adaptationPartial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM)Socio-economic factorsSouth Africa (SA)Article