Boeyens, Jan Christoffel AntonieLevendis, Demetrius C.2012-09-042012-09-042012-07-20Boeyens, JCA & Levendis, DC 2012, 'The structure Lacuna', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 9081-9096.1422-006710.3390/ijms13079081http://hdl.handle.net/2263/19694Molecular symmetry is intimately connected with the classical concept of three-dimensional molecular structure. In a non-classical theory of wave-like interaction in four-dimensional space-time, both of these concepts and traditional quantum mechanics lose their operational meaning, unless suitably modified. A required reformulation should emphasize the importance of four-dimensional effects like spin and the symmetry effects of space-time curvature that could lead to a fundamentally different understanding of molecular symmetry and structure in terms of elementary number theory. Isolated single molecules have no characteristic shape and macro-biomolecules only develop robust three-dimensional structure in hydrophobic response to aqueous cellular media.en© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license.Golden ratioMolecular symmetrySpin functionArticle