De Frenne, PieterBeugnon, RémyKlinges, DavidLenoir, JonathanNiittynen, PekkaPincebourde, SylvainSenior, Rebecca A.Aalto, JuhaChytrý, KryštofGillingham, Phillipa K.Greiser, CarolineGril, EvaHaesen, StefKearney, MichaelKopecký, MartinLe Roux, Peter ChristiaanLuoto, MiskaMaclean, IlyaMan, MatějPenczykowski, RachelVan den Brink, LiesbethVan de Vondel, StijnDe Pauw, KarenLembrechts, Jonas J.Kemppinen, JuliaVan Meerbeek, Koenraad2026-02-202026-02-202025-02De Frenne, P., Beugnon, R., Klinges, D., Lenoir, J., Niittynen, P., Pincebourde, S., Senior, R. A., Aalto, J., Chytrý, K., Gillingham, P. K., Greiser, C., Gril, E., Haesen, S., Kearney, M., Kopecký, M., le Roux, P. C., Luoto, M., Maclean, I., Man, M., … Van Meerbeek, K. (2025). Ten practical guidelines for microclimate research in terrestrial ecosystems. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 16, 269–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.14476.2041-210X (online)10.1111/2041-210X.14476http://hdl.handle.net/2263/108538SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 1 : FIGURE S1. The workflow of this manuscript, providing a detailed description of how this manuscript was developed, how work tasks were divided and the general flow of the process. FIGURE S2. Demographics of the authors of this manuscript. We provide background information on all 27 authors of the manuscript. Note that authors could indicate all options regarding their discipline, most often studied biome and study object. TEXT S1. R-code and visuals for the four steps in the data compilation process (see Figure 8) in Guideline 8. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 2. TABLE S1. Overview of a selection of currently available and most often used (according to the SoilTemp database) microclimate logger types, powered by batteries and suitable for field studies in ecology and evolution. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 3. TABLE S2. Overview of available reference data, and their characteristics such as spatiotemporal resolution and extent, and some advantages and drawbacks of each type of reference.1. Most biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem processes on land take place in microclimates that are decoupled from the climate as measured by standardised weather stations in open, unshaded locations. As a result, microclimate monitoring is increasingly being integrated in many studies in ecology and evolution. 2. Overviews of the protocols and measurement methods related to micro climate are needed, especially for those starting in the field and to achieve more generality and standardisation in microclimate studies. 3. Here, we present 10 practical guidelines for ground-based research of terrestrial microclimates, covering methods and best practices from initial conceptualisation of the study to data analyses. 4. Our guidelines encompass the significance of microclimates; the specifics of what, where, when and how to measure them; the design of microclimate studies; and the optimal approaches for analysing and sharing data for future use and collaborations. The paper is structured as a chronological guide, leading the reader through each step necessary to conduct a comprehensive microclimate study. At the end, we also discuss further research avenues and development in this field. 5. With these 10 guidelines for microclimate monitoring, we hope to stimulate and advance microclimate research in ecology and evolution, especially under the pressing need to account for buffering or amplifying abilities of contrasting microhabitats in the context of global climate change.en© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND).Air and soil temperatureClimate changeField handbookHumidityMacroclimateMicroclimateMethodsWeatherArticle