Kufakunesu, RachelMyburgh, Hermanus CarelDe Freitas, Allan2026-03-172026-03-172026-02Kufakunesu, R., Myburgh, H.C. & De Freitas, A. 2026, 'Fuzzy logic-based data flow control for long-range wide area networks in Internet of Military Things, Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, vol. 15, no. 1, art. 10, pp. 1-21, doi : 10.3390/jsan15010010.2224-2708 (online)10.3390/jsan15010010http://hdl.handle.net/2263/109026DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.The Internet of Military Things (IoMT) relies on Long-Range Wide Area Networks (LoRaWAN) for low-power, long-range communication in critical applications like border security and soldier health monitoring. However, conventional priority-based flow control mechanisms, which rely on static classification thresholds, lack the adaptability to handle the nuanced, continuous nature of physiological data and dynamic network states. To overcome this rigidity, this paper introduces a novel, domain-adaptive Fuzzy Logic Flow Control (FFC) protocol specifically tailored for LoRaWAN-based IoMT. While employing established Mamdani inference, the FFC system innovatively fuses multi-parameter physiological data (body temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and heart rate) into a continuous Health Score, which is then mapped via a context-optimised sigmoid function to dynamic transmission intervals. This represents a novel application-layer semantic integration with LoRaWAN’s constrained MAC and PHY layers, enabling cross-layer flow optimisation without protocol modification. Simulation results confirm that FFC significantly enhances reliability and energy efficiency while reducing latency relative to traditional static priority architectures. Seamlessly integrated into the NS-3 LoRaWAN simulation framework, the FFC protocol demonstrates superior performance in IoMT communications. Simulation results confirm that FFC significantly enhances reliability and energy efficiency while reducing latency compared with traditional static priority-based architectures. It achieves this by prioritising high-priority health telemetry, proactively mitigating network congestion, and optimising energy utilisation, thereby offering a robust solution for emergent, health-critical scenarios in resource-constrained environments.en© 2026 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.Internet of military things (IoMT)Long-range wide area networks (LoRaWAN)Data flow controlPriority-based trafficData transmissionFuzzy logicArticle