Malaza, NompumeleloMasete, MatladiAdam, SumaiyaDias, StephanieNyawo, ThembekaPheiffer, Carmen2022-12-122022-12-122022-08-31Malaza, N.; Masete, M.; Adam, S.; Dias, S.; Nyawo, T.; Pheiffer, C. A Systematic Review to Compare Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Pregestational Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, 19, 10846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710846.1660-4601 (online)10.3390/ijerph191710846https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/88728SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS : Table S1: PRISMA guidelines, Table S2: Studies correlating types of diabetes in pregnancy and adverse outcomes, Table S3: Newcastle– Ottawa Scale, Table S4: Risk of bias scores.Pregestational type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with increased rates of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Adverse outcomes are more common in women with pregestational diabetes compared to GDM; although, conflicting results have been reported. This systematic review aims to summarise and synthesise studies that have compared adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnancies complicated by pregestational diabetes and GDM. Three databases, Pubmed, EBSCOhost and Scopus were searched to identify studies that compared adverse outcomes in pregnancies complicated by pregestational T1DM and T2DM, and GDM. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and are included in this systematic review. Thirteen pregnancy outcomes including caesarean section, preterm birth, congenital anomalies, pre-eclampsia, neonatal hypoglycaemia, macrosomia, neonatal intensive care unit admission, stillbirth, Apgar score, large for gestational age, induction of labour, respiratory distress syndrome and miscarriages were compared. Findings from this review confirm that pregestational diabetes is associated with more frequent pregnancy complications than GDM. Taken together, this review highlights the risks posed by all types of maternal diabetes and the need to improve care and educate women on the importance of maintaining optimal glycaemic control to mitigate these risks.en© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)Adverse outcomesPregnancyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)Article