Robinson, Tamara B.Martin, NicoleLoureiro, Taina G.Matikinca, PhikolomziRobertson, Mark P.2021-07-052021-07-052020-10-15Robinson TB, Martin N, Loureiro TG, Matikinca P, Robertson MP (2020) Double trouble: the implications of climate change for biological invasions. In: Wilson JR, Bacher S, Daehler CC, Groom QJ, Kumschick S, Lockwood JL, Robinson TB, Zengeya TA, Richardson DM (Eds) Frameworks used in Invasion Science. NeoBiota 62: 463–487. https://DOI.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.55729.1619-0033 (print)1314-2488 (online)10.3897/neobiota.62.55729http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80725This paper emerged from a workshop on ‘Frameworks used in Invasion Science’ hosted by the DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology in Stellenbosch, South Africa, 11–13 November 2019.The implications of climate change for biological invasions are multifaceted and vary along the invasion process. Changes in vectors and pathways are likely to manifest in changes in transport routes and destinations, together with altered transit times and traffic volume. Ultimately, changes in the nature of why, how, and where biota are transported and introduced will pose biosecurity challenges. These challenges will require increased human and institutional capacity, as well as proactive responses such as improved early detection, adaptation of present protocols and innovative legal instruments. Invasion success and spread are expected to be moderated by the physiological response of alien and native biota to environmental changes and the ensuing changes in biotic interactions. These in turn will likely affect management actions aimed at eradicating, containing, and mitigating invasions, necessitating an adaptive approach to management that is sensitive to potentially unanticipated outcomes.enCopyright Tamara B Robinson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).BiosecurityGlobal changeImpactsManagement of invasionsResearch needsArticle