Maas, MiriamMichel, Anita LuiseRutten, Victor P.M.G.2013-11-222013-11-222013-05Maas, M, Michel, AL & Rutten, VPMG 2013, 'Facts and dilemmas in diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife', Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 269-285.0147-9571 (print)1878-1667 (online)10.1016/j.cimid.2012.10.010http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32578Mycobacterium bovis, causing bovine tuberculosis (BTB), has been recognized as a global threat at the wildlife-livestock-human interface, a clear “One Health” issue. Several wildlife species have been identified as maintenance hosts. Spillover of infection from these species to livestock or other wildlife species may have economic and conservation implications and infection of humans causes public health concerns, especially in developing countries. Most BTB management strategies rely on BTB testing, which can be performed for a range of purposes, from disease surveillance to diagnosing individual infected animals. New diagnostic assays are being developed for selected wildlife species. This review investigates the most frequent objectives and associated requirements for testing wildlife for tuberculosis at the level of individual animals as well as small and large populations. By aligning those with the available (immunological) ante mortem diagnostic assays, the practical challenges and limitations wildlife managers and researchers are currently faced with are highlighted.en© 2013 Elsevier. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 269-285, 2013. doi : 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.10.010Bovine tuberculosisMycobacterium bovisDiagnostic assaysTest validationTuberculosis in animalsMycobacterial diseases in animalsPostprint Article