Pereira, Lucas Ferreira GomesCarlos, Ricardo VieiraVan Schoor, Albert-NeelsBosenberg, AdrianLuna, Natalia Mariana SilvaDa Costa Silva, RebecaBertanha, Bianca de FatimaCarmona, Maria Jose CarvalhoQuintao, Vinicius Caldeira2024-10-012024-10-012024-06Pereira, L.F.G.; Carlos, R.V.; van Schoor, A.; Bosenberg, A.; Luna, N.M.S.; da Costa Silva, R.; de Fátima Bertanha, B.; Carmona, M.J.C.; Quintão, V.C. Anatomical Studies Evaluating Pediatric Regional Anesthesia: A Scoping Review. Children 2024, 11, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060733.2227-9067 (online)10.3390/children11060733http://hdl.handle.net/2263/98414SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL : TABLE S1: PRISMA-ScR checklist; TABLE S2: Complete search strategies; TABLE S3: Data extraction tool.BACKGROUND : Pediatric regional anesthesia has been driven by the gradual rise in the adoption of opioid-sparing strategies and the growing concern over the possible adverse effects of general anesthetics on neurodevelopment. Nonetheless, performing regional anesthesia studies in a pediatric population is challenging and accounts for the scarce evidence. This study aimed to review the scientific foundation of studies in cadavers to assess regional anesthesia techniques in children. METHODS : We searched the following databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science. We included anatomical cadaver studies assessing peripheral nerve blocks in children. The core data collected from studies were included in tables and comprised block type, block evaluation, results, and conclusion. RESULTS : The search identified 2409 studies, of which, 16 were anatomical studies on the pediatric population. The techniques evaluated were the erector spinae plane block, ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block, sciatic nerve block, maxillary nerve block, paravertebral block, femoral nerve block, radial nerve block, greater occipital nerve block, infraclavicular brachial plexus block, and infraorbital nerve block. CONCLUSION : Regional anesthesia techniques are commonly performed in children, but the lack of anatomical studies may result in reservations regarding the dispersion and absorption of local anesthetics. Further anatomical research on pediatric regional anesthesia may guide the practice.en© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Nerve blockRegionalCadaverRegional anesthesiaPaediatricsPaediatric anesthesiaSDG-03: Good health and well-beingArticle