Botha, C.J. (Christoffel Jacobus)Venter, ElnaUniversity of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences. Section Pharmacology and Toxicology2008-12-222008-12-222002Botha, CJ & Venter, E 2002, 'Plants poisonous to livestock Southern Africa (CD-ROM)' University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pretoria, South Africa.http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8535Colour photos. Final web-ready size: JPEG, 72 ppi. Photo 1: 34 kb; Photo 2: 48.4 kb; Photo 3: 7.7 kb. Original TIFF file housed at the Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pretoria.DISTRIBUTION: An active invader, often in disturbed areas and over-grazed land. Most common on the western and southern edges of the Karoo.BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION: General: An erect, woody perennial shrub of ±1m high. Yellowish green to green and aromatic.Stems are light yellow brown and smooth. Leaves: The small linear leaves are opposite, flat and green, turning yellow with age. Flowers:Tiny open inflorescences borne at the ends of branches are 3 - 10 cm long with many small, greenish yellow flowers. Spring - Summer.TOXIC PRINCIPLE: Unknown liver toxin causes “waterpens”. Toxicity variable – difficult to induce experimentally.SYNDROMES: Waterpens Hepatotoxic syndrome without photosensitizationSYSTEMS AFFECTED: Liver.CLINICAL SIGNS: Chronic syndrome. Weight loss. Ascites pronounced – “waterpens”. Splashing may be heard with auscultation.NECROPSY: Macroscopical findings: • Severe liver cirrhosis - uneven surface, grey blue - yellow brown in colour. • Myocardial lesions on histopathology and CPFI increases. • Althougth primarily hepatotoxic, heart is only affected later.HISTOPATHOLOGY: • Centrilobular bridging fibrosis.TREATMENT: Liver supportive therapy for valuable animals. Provide good feed.©University of Pretoria. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology (Original and digital). Provided for educational purposes only. It may not be downloaded, reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the original copyright holder. Any attempt to circumvent the access controls placed on this file is a violation of copyright laws and is subject to criminal prosecution. Please contact the collection administrator for copyright issues.Plant poisoningToxicologyPlant poisoning in animalsPoisonous plantsWaterpensHepatotoxinPoisonous plants -- Toxicology -- Africa, SouthernVeterinary toxicologyStill Image