Adam, AhmedMamitele, Wisane CraigMoselane, AndrewIsmail, Farzanah2016-11-082016-11-082016-09Adam, A, Mamitele, WC, Moselane, A & Ismail, F 2016, ‘Opening a can of worms’ : bilateral varicoceles as an indicator of underlying portal-hypertension', African Journal of Urology, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 210-212.1110-5704 (print)1961-9987 (online)10.1016/j.afju.2016.01.006http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57722The scrotal varicocele is a common finding encountered during clinical examination. A porto-systemicshunt presenting with an associated varicocele is exceptionally rarely reported. Herein, we report such acase in an HIV positive man who presented with bilateral varicoceles. This is only the fifth case of suchan association in the world literature. A literature review and the possible underlying pathophysiologicalmechanisms of this rare association are expanded further.en© 2016 Pan African Urological Surgeons’ Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Published under a Creative Commons license.VaricocelePortal hypertensionPortosystemic shuntArticle