Van der Vyver, Petrus JacobusVorster, MartinJonker, C.H.2021-10-292021-10-292020-04Van der Vyver, P.J.; Vorster, M. & Jonker, C.H. 2020, 'Mandibular first and second premolars with challenging root canal anatomy - Part 1: Review of the literature ', South African Dental Journal, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 126-129.1029-4864 (print)2519-0105 (online)10.17159/2519-0105/2020/v75no3a2http://hdl.handle.net/2263/82299Mandibular premolars can be one of the most difficult teeth to treat endodontically because of the variations in root canal anatomy. According to England, Hartwell and Lance,3 variation in root canal anatomy is one of the main reasons why mandibular premolars have a high frequency of failures and flare-ups. The literature indicates that the incidence of the number of roots and the number of canals varies greatly in human teeth.en© 2020 E-Doc cc. The SADJ is licensed under Creative Commons Licence CC-BY-NC-4.0.MandibularPremolarsTeethRoot canal anatomyArticle