Chiba, Manoj DayalVerachia, Abdullah2021-05-132021-05-132021-03Chiba, M.D. and Verachia, A. (2021), "BCG and COVID-19: correlation or causality or neither?", Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, Vol. 11 No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1108/EEMCS-05-2020-0166.2045-062110.1108/EEMCS-05-2020-0166http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79871Disclaimer. This case is written solely for educational purposes and is not intended to represent successful or unsuccessful managerial decision-making. The authors may have disguised names; financial and other recognizable information to protect confidentiality.LEARNING OUTCOMES: The learning outcome is to understand the difference between correlation and causation. CASE OVERVIEW/SYNOPSIS: The case is set during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, globally a search for effective treatments were underway. An initial forerunner that was being considered was Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), given its effectiveness in the treatment of tuberculosis and other pulmonary-related infections. While there were a lack of randomised controlled trials, initial data from publicly related secondary data sources indicated that, in countries with BCG inoculation policies, the severity of the spread and mortality of COVID-19 was muted. The case is centered around the available information on BCG and COVID-19. COMPLEXITY ACADEMIC LEVEL : Post-graduate students learning statistics as part of a degree programme. The case assumes no prior statistics knowledge and therefore is aimed at teaching the difference between correlation and causation.en© 2021, Emerald Publishing LimitedManagement scienceOperations researchManagement educationExecutive educationManagement theoryCase studyPostprint Article