Maaskant, AnnemiekMorel, MargotJean, SherrieKoo, Bon-sangNoor, SiavashPereira da Silva, Luiz Cesar CavalcantiChipangura, John KudakwasheVercammen, FrancisNederlof, Remco A.Bakker, Jaco2026-04-102026-04-102025-11Maaskant, A., Morel, M., Jean, S. et al. 2025, 'A guidance for diagnosis, control measures, and surveillance of leptospirosis in non-human primates from a veterinary perspective in a one-health approach', Journal of Medical Primatology, vol. 54, no. e70047, pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmp.70047.0047-2565 |(print)1600-0684 (online)10.1111/jmp.70047http://hdl.handle.net/2263/109519DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp., affecting a wide range of domestic and wild mammals including nonhuman primates (NHPs). Despite rising incidence rates in both NHPs and humans, there is a lack of comprehensive resources addressing leptospirosis in NHPs from a veterinary perspective in a One Health approach. The close phylogenetic relationship between NHPs, humans and the similarities in disease progression may reveal valuable insights into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, control measures, and surveillance of leptospirosis. This review synthesizes existing literature on leptospirosis in NHPs, focusing on diagnosis, control measures, and surveillance. It offers insights into the prevalence among NHPs, environmental and civilization factors affecting Leptospira spp. dynamics, and recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and monitoring of leptospirosis. The findings highlight the need for coordinated research efforts and integrated surveillance systems to reduce leptospirosis risk in NHPs.en© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Control measuresLeptospiraLeptospirosisNon-human primate (NHP)One healthRodentsSeroprevalenceSurveillanceZoonosisArticle