Adetola, Oluyimika YanmifeKruger, JohanitaFerruzzi, Mario G.Hamaker, Bruce R.Taylor, J.R.N. (John Reginald Nuttall)2021-07-052022Adetola, O.Y., Kruger, J., Ferruzzi, M.G. et al. 2022, 'Potential of moringa leaf and baobab fruit food-to-food fortification of wholegrain maize porridge to improve iron and zinc bioaccessibility', International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 15-27, doi: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1911962.0963-7486 (print)1465-3478 (online)10.1080/09637486.2021.1911962http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80701Food-to-food fortification (FtFF) with moringa leaf (iron source) and/or baobab fruit (citric acid and ascorbic acid source) (each 13–15 g/100 g porridge dry basis (db)) was studied to improve iron and zinc nutritive quality in African-type wholegrain maize-based porridges using in vitro dialysability assay. Moringa FtFF decreased percentage and total bioaccessible iron and zinc, by up to 84% and 45%, respectively. Moringa was very high in calcium, approximately 3% db and calcium–iron–phytate complexes inhibit iron bioavailability. Baobab FtFF increased percentage and total bioaccessible iron and zinc, especially in porridges containing carrot + mango (β-carotene source) and conventionally fortified with FeSO4, by up to 111% and 60%, respectively. The effects were similar to those when ascorbic and citric acids were added as mineral absorption enhancers. While moringa FtFF could be inhibitory to iron and zinc bioavailability in cereal-based porridges, baobab fruit FtFF could improve their bioavailability, especially in combination with conventional iron fortification.en© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an electronic version of an article published in International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 15-27, 2022. doi : 10.1080/09637486.2021.1911962. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition is available online at : http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/iijf20.Food-to-food fortification (FtFF)Baobab trees (Adansonia digitata)BioavailabilityMineral fortificationWholegrainMoringa oleifera (MO)Baobab (Adansonia digitata)Postprint Article