Botha, C.J. (Christoffel Jacobus)Venter, ElnaUniversity of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences. Section Pharmacology and Toxicology2008-12-222008-12-222002Botha, CJ & Venter, E 2002, 'Plants poisonous to livestock Southern Africa (CD-ROM)' University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pretoria, South Africa.http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8505Colour photos. Final web-ready size: JPEG, 72 ppi. Photo 1: 17.2 kb; Photo 2: 9.7 kb; Photo 3: 23.3 kb; Photo 4: 35.8 kb. Original TIFF file housed at the Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pretoria.DISTRIBUTION: Widespread. Grows in moist conditions in disturbed areas. Botanical description: General: An annual shrublet that can grow up to 1 m high. Leaves: The leaflets are shallowly toothed in the upper two thirds. Flowers: The yellow flowers are in crowded inflorescenses. Spring – Summer.TOXIC PRINCIPLE: When sweet clover hay with a high moisture content is stacked, it can spoil easily and become toxic. The toxicity may be retained for years. By microbial action the coumarin in the plant is modified to dicoumarol which has a potent anticoagulative effect on blood.SYNDROMES: Sweet clover disease.SYSTEMS AFFECTED: Haemopoietic system.CLINICAL SIGNS: • Cattle, especially calves, are often affected. • Large amounts of spoilt hay have to be eaten before animals are affected. • The onset of bleeding can be quite sudden and fatal bleedings may be experienced during surgery. • Mortality is quite high. • Most animals will die within three days.NECROPSY: Haemorrhagic tendency.TREATMENT: Animals can be treated successfully with repeated doses of Vit K1 and blood transfusions.©University of Pretoria. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology (Original and digital). Provided for educational purposes only. It may not be downloaded, reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the original copyright holder. Any attempt to circumvent the access controls placed on this file is a violation of copyright laws and is subject to criminal prosecution. Please contact the collection administrator for copyright issues.Plant poisoningToxicologyPlant poisoning in animalsPoisonous plantsSweet clover diseaseDicoumarolAnticoagulantPoisonous plants -- Toxicology -- Africa, SouthernVeterinary toxicologyStill Image