Mbukani, Mwana Wa Kalaga2024-11-202024-11-202025-042024-01*A2025http://hdl.handle.net/2263/99211DOI: https://doi.org/10.25403/UPresearchdata.26969143.v1Dissertation (MEng (Electrical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2024.In this dissertation, a proposed rule-based EMS was modelled in MATLAB Simulink using the EV reference model. The implementation and design of the proposed EMS was guided by knowledge gained throughout the study. Unlike in previous studies where the SC was used only as a peak power shaving solution, in the proposed EMS the SC is used throughout the operation of the EV. The simulation results of the proposed EMS showed that for city driving conditions, the battery current was reduced by 19% when compared to a battery only ESS of the same size. For traffic conditions, the battery current was reduced to 0 A while with highway driving the battery current was reduced by 50% when compared to a battery only ESS of the same size. Furthermore, the proposed EMS ensured that the battery current is only in one direction, discharge only. These factors ensure the longevity of the battery.en© 2023 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria.UCTDSustainable Development Goals (SDGs)Electrical vehicleSupercapacitor controlHybrid energy storage systemEnergy storage systemEnergy management systemDissertationu15040144https://doi.org/10.25403/UPresearchdata.26969143.v1