Melade, JulienMcCulloch, Stewart D.Ramasindrazana, BezaLagadec, ErwanTurpin, MagaliPascalis, HerveGoodman, Steven M.Markotter, WandaDellagi, Koussay2016-10-212016-10-212016-08-08Mélade J, McCulloch S, Ramasindrazana B, Lagadec E, Turpin M, Pascalis H, et al. (2016) Serological Evidence of Lyssaviruses among Bats on Southwestern Indian Ocean Islands. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0160553. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160553.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.016055310.5061/dryad.gp4h2http://hdl.handle.net/2263/57400S1 Fig. Distribution of neutralising antibody titers to DUVV and LBV in bats from southwestern Indian Ocean islands as assessed by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test. Results represent the proportion of sera from insectivorous and frugivorous bat species titering at 1/25 (the cut off value of positivity), 1/125, and 1/625 among the sera tested positive for each challenge virus.S2 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Madagascar. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. ANKPK for “Ankapoka”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue; those neutralising LBV only are in red, those cross-neutralising DUVV + EBLV-1 are in yellow. Sites which combine animals which sera neutralised DUVV only, EBLV-1 only, cross-neutralised DUVV and EBLV-1 and animals neutralised LBV only are in brown. The six red squares indicate the provincial capitals.S3 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Anjouan. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. COA for “College d'Ouani”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue and sites which combine animals which sera neutralised DUVV only and LBV only are in brown.S4 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Mayotte. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. MGJ for “Mangajou”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue and those neutralising LBV only are in red.S5 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on La Réunion. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. GTB for “Grotte de Trois Bassin”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue and sites which combine animals which sera cross-neutralised DUVV + EBLV-1 or LBV only are in brown.S6 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Mauritius. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. CSC for “Cascavelle”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising DUVV only are in blue; those cross-neutralising DUVV+EBLV-1 are in yellow. Sites which combine animals which sera neutralised DUVV only or EBLV-1 only and animals neutralised LBV only are in brown.S7 Fig. Sites recorded with samples seropositive to lyssaviruses and lyssaviruses neutralisation profiles on Mahé. Abbreviations next to illustrated islands indicate names of capture sites (e.g. FRL for “FairyLand”) reported in S1 Table. Coloured site names and in the chart correspond to the lyssaviruses antibodies detected in bats: sera neutralising. Sites which combine animals which sera neutralised DUVV only, EBLV-1 only, cross-neutralised DUVV+EBLV-1 and animals neutralised LBV only are in brown.S1 Table. Information from sites on Anjouan, Madagascar, Mahé, Mauritius, Mayotte and La Réunion, indicated as: the island name, the site name (and abbreviation), GPS coordinates, type of habitat and number of species recorded at each site (one or more than one).S1 Text. Authorisations for sampling of bats on different southwestern Indian Ocean islands. List of authorisations required for bat sampling from Madagascar, La Réunion, Mayotte, Anjouan, Mahé and Mauritius authorities.S2 Text. Ethical clearance information. Ethical procedure applied for bat sampling on Madagascar, La Réunion, Mayotte, Anjouan, Mahé and Mauritius.We provide serological evidence of lyssavirus circulation among bats on southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands. A total of 572 bats belonging to 22 species were collected on Anjouan, Mayotte, La Réunion, Mauritius, Mahé and Madagascar and screened by the Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test for the presence of neutralising antibodies against the two main rabies related lyssaviruses circulating on the African continent: Duvenhage lyssavirus (DUVV) and Lagos bat lyssavirus (LBV), representing phylogroups I and II, respectively. A total of 97 and 42 sera were able to neutralise DUVV and LBV, respectively. No serum neutralised both DUVV and LBV but most DUVV-seropositive bats (n = 32/220) also neutralised European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1) but not Rabies lyssavirus (RABV), the prototypic lyssavirus of phylogroup I. These results highlight that lyssaviruses belonging to phylogroups I and II circulate in regional bat populations and that the putative phylogroup I lyssavirus is antigenically closer to DUVV and EBLV-1 than to RABV. Variation between bat species, roost sites and bioclimatic regions were observed. All brain samples tested by RTPCR specific for lyssavirus RNA were negative.en© 2016 Mélade et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.Lagos bat lyssavirus (LBV)European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBLV-1)Southwestern Indian Ocean (SWIO)Duvenhage lyssavirus (DUVV)Article