Alenezi, Eman M.A.Robinson, MoniqueMcKinnon, Elizabeth J.Calder, Samuel D.Veselinovic, TamaraRichmond, Peter C.Eikelboom, Robert H.Brennan-Jones, Christopher G.2024-04-252024-04-252023-03Alenezi, E.M.A., Robinson, M., McKinnon, E.J., Calder, S.D., Veselinović, T., Richmond, P.C., et al. Impact of ventilation tube insertion on long-term language outcomes at 6 and 10 years of age: A prospective pregnancy cohort study. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2024; 49(2): 191–198. https://DOI.org/10.1111/coa.14121.1749-4478 (print)1749-4486 (online)10.1111/coa.14121http://hdl.handle.net/2263/95757DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Data can be available by submitting an application to the Raine Study committee.OBJECTIVE : Investigating the impact of early childhood ventilation tube insertion (VTI) on long-term language outcomes. DESIGN : Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING : A total of 2900 pregnant women participated in the Raine Study between 1989 and 1991 in Western Australia, and 2868 children have been followed up. PARTICIPANTS : Based on parental reports, 314 children had a history of recurrent otitis media but did not undergo VTI (rOM group); another 94 received VTI (VTI group); while 1735 had no history of rOM (reference group) in the first 3 years of childhood. Children with data on outcomes and confounders were included in analyses of PPVT-R at ages 6 (n = 1567) and 10 years (n = 1313) and CELF-III at 10 years (n = 1410) (approximately 5% in the VTI group and 15% in the rOM group). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES : Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised edition and Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals® Preschool-3. RESULTS : At 6 years, mean PPVT-R scores were significantly lower in the VTI group than the reference group (β = 3.3; 95% CI [ 6.5 to 0.04], p = .047). At 10 years, while the difference between the VTI and reference groups was less pronounced for PPVT-R scores, there was a small but consistent trend of lower measures, on average, across CELF-III scores (expressive: β = 3.4 [ 7.1 to 0.27], p = .069; receptive: β = 4.1 [ 7.9 to 0.34], p = .033; total: β = 3.9 [ 7.5 to 0.21], p = .038). There was no evidence to suggest that language outcomes in the rOM group differed from the reference group. CONCLUSION : Lower scores of language outcomes in school-aged children who received VTI in early childhood may suggest a long-term risk which should be considered alongside the potential benefits of VTI.en© 2023 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.GrommetsLanguage developmentMiddle ear infectionsOtitis mediaTympanostomy tubesVentilation tube insertion (VTI)SDG-03: Good health and well-beingArticle