Jojozi, Fani NicholasMbhele, Thokozani PatmondEresia-Eke, Chukuakadibia E.2025-10-232025-10-232025-09-01Jojozi, F.N., Mbhele, T.P., Eresia-Eke, C. 2025, 'Water management optimization challenges : a supply-side perspective', Sustainable Water Resources Management. vol. 11, no. 5, art. 103, pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-025-01262-z.2363-5037 (print)2363-5045 (online)10.1007/s40899-025-01262-zhttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/104824DATA AVAILABILITY : Data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data has not been made publicly available due to conditions associated with ethical considerations and privacy.Potable water supply interruption is a reality in KwaZulu-Natal and is fast becoming the case for the rest of South Africa. From a supply-side perspective, water management faces significant barriers that hinder the effective and sustainable distribution of water resources. These challenges encompass ageing infrastructure, inefficiencies in resource allocation, and complex operating environments, all of which deflate the capacity to meet rising water demands. Disturbingly, such water supply interruptions, sometimes, leave water consumers without any substitute, which makes the situation more critical and collaterally emphasises the need for water supply to be managed optimally. It is in this backdrop that this study explores the optimization challenges water authorities and suppliers encounter by analyzing the technical, social, economic, and policy-driven barriers that encumber effective water resource management. Furthermore, it highlights red flags on water management and the effects of the decreasing water resources that have encouraged the continued implementation of water shedding, to the detriment of the population. The situation appears to be exacerbated by a growing population, climate change and dwindling water resources. In exploring supply-side limitations affecting the sustainable delivery of water, this study found limited resources, water loss, increasing costs, deteriorating and insufficiently maintained infrastructure, and complex administrations as hinderances to optimal water management.en© The Author(s) 2025. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Potable waterWater managementOptimizationInfrastructureSupply chainArticle