Unuofin, John OnolameIwarere, Samuel AyodeleDaramola, Michael Olawale2024-05-282024-05-282023-08Unuofin, J.O., Iwarere, S.A., Daramola, M.O. 2023, 'Embracing the future of circular bio-enabled economy : unveiling the prospects of microbial fuel cells in achieving true sustainable energy', Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 30, pp. 90547-7-90573. https://DOI.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28717-0.0944-1344 (print)1614-7499 (online)10.1007/s11356-023-28717-0http://hdl.handle.net/2263/96274DATA AVAILABILITY : Sources of data collected have been mentioned in the text.Sustainable development and energy security, highlighted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), necessitate the use of renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, upon careful evaluation of literature, we have discovered that many existing and emerging renewable energy systems (RESs) prioritize renewability over true sustainability. These systems not only suffer from performance inconsistencies and lack of scalability but also fall short in fully embodying the principles of sustainability and circular economy. To address this gap, we propose considering microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a viable alternative and integral part of the renewable energy ecosystem. MFCs harness the omnipresence, abundance, and cost-effectiveness of their essential components, making them a promising candidate. Through our comprehensive analysis, we shed light on the limitations and advancements of this technology, which underscore the remarkable potential of MFCs to revolutionize our perception of clean, sustainable energy.en© The Author(s) 2023. Open access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.Sustainable energyCircular bio-enabled economySDG-07: Affordable and clean energySustainable development goals (SDGs)Microbial fuel cell (MFC)Renewable energy system (RES)Article