Tshimweneka, Vania S.Mhlanga, Thandi V.2026-04-082026-04-082025-11-19Tshimweneka, V.S. & Mhlanga, T.V. Old Drugs, New Battles: Unleashing Repurposed Drug Classes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2025, 26, 11196: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262211196.1661-6596 (print)1422-0067 (online)10.3390/ijms262211196http://hdl.handle.net/2263/109453DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) representing one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat subtypes, characterized by poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Current treatments, including chemotherapy, are hindered by high recurrence rates, drug resistance, and severe side effects, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to address these challenges. Drug repurposing, which involves the application of existing FDA-approved (Food and administration) drugs for new oncological uses, offers a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to traditional drug development. This review synthesizes recent findings on repurposed drugs, including antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, cardiovascular disease, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and their potential to target TNBC through mechanisms such as immune modulation, interference with signaling pathways, and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. Evidence suggests that these agents hold therapeutic promise across heterogeneous TNBC subtypes, although outcomes vary depending on the molecular context. Overall, drug repurposing has emerged as a promising avenue for expanding the treatment options for TNBC; however, further research and personalized approaches are essential to translate these findings into effective clinical applications.en© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)Drug repurposingCancer therapyFDA-approved drugsNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)Anti-diabeticsImmune modulationCancer drug resistancePersonalized medicineFood and Drug Administration (FDA)Article