Dadzie Ephraim, Richard KobinaKotam, Gabriel PezahsoDuah, EvansGhartey, Frank NakuMathebula, Evans MantiriMashamba‑Thompson, Tivani Phosa2024-08-222024-08-222024-09Dadzie Ephraim, R.K., Kotam, G.P., Duah, E. et al. 2024, 'Application of medical artificial intelligence technology in sub-Saharan Africa : prospects for medical laboratories', Smart Health, vol. 33, art. 100505, pp. 1-16, doi : 10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100505.2352-6483 (print)2352-6491 (online)10.1016/j.smhl.2024.100505http://hdl.handle.net/2263/97800DATA AVAILABILITY : No data was used for the research described in the article.The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technology globally has brought significant changes to various sectors. AI-assisted algorithms have notably improved decision-making, operational efficiency, and productivity, especially in healthcare and medicine. However, in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the integration of medical AI has faced delays and challenges, slowing its acceptance and implementation in medical interventions. This thematic narrative critically explores the current trends and patterns in applying medical AI in SSA, with a specific focus on its potential impact on medical laboratories. The review covers the general use of medical AI in SSA, examining factors like enablers, challenges, and opportunities that influence healthcare systems. Additionally, it looks into the implications of medical AI for medical laboratories and suggests context-specific and practical recommendations for potential integration. We highlight various challenges, including data availability, security concerns, resource limitations, regulatory gaps, poor internet connectivity, and digital literacy issues, contributing to the slow integration of AI in healthcare systems in SSA. Despite challenges, the adoption of medical AI in SSA medical laboratories holds latent potential for improving diagnostic accuracy, streamlining workflows, and enhancing patient care. Further exploration and careful consideration are necessary to unlock these possibilities.en© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license.Artificial intelligence (AI)Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)Medical AIDigital healthMedical laboratorySDG-03: Good health and well-beingSDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructureArticle