Louwagie, Goedele M.C.Ayo-Yusuf, Olalekan Abdulwahab2015-02-172015-02-172014Louwagie, GMC & Ayo-Yusuf, OA 2014, 'Factors associated with retreatment tuberculosis in Tshwane, South Africa : the role of tobacco smoking', Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 29, no.2, pp. 87-90.2312-0053 (print)http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43694There is evidence from international studies that tobacco smoking increases the risk of tuberculosis recurrence through its effects on the immunological and barrier functions of the airways. In this cross-sectional study, the association between current tobacco smoking and retreatment tuberculosis was studied in a population of 1 926 South African tuberculosis patients with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection rates. Retreatment tuberculosis was more common in male and among HIV-positive participants currently on antiretroviral treatment, or with unknown antiretroviral treatment status. However, we did not find an association between smoking and retreatment tuberculosis. A longitudinal study is needed to confirm these findings.en© SAJID. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 South Africa License.Tobacco smokingRecurrent tuberculosisTuberculosis relapseRetreatment tuberculosisHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Article