Myburgh, RenierHochfeld, Warren ErnstDodgen, Tyren MarkKer, James A.Pepper, Michael Sean2012-12-112012-12-112012-03Renier Myburgh, Warren E. Hochfeld, Tyren M. Dodgen, James Ker & Michael S. Pepper, Cardiovascular pharmacogenetics, Pharmocology and Therapeutics, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 280-290 (2012), doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.11.0020163-7258 (print)1879-016X (online)10.10016/j.pharmthera.2011.11.002http://hdl.handle.net/2263/20667Human genetic variation in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms as well as more complex structural variations such as insertions, deletions and copy number variants, is partially responsible for the clinical variation seen in response to pharmacotherapeutic drugs. This affects the likelihood of experiencing adverse drug reactions and also of achieving therapeutic success. In this paper, we review key studies in cardiovascular pharmacogenetics that reveal genetic variations underlying the outcomes of drug treatment in cardiovascular disease. Examples of genetic associations with drug efficacy and toxicity are described, including the roles of genetic variability in pharmacokinetics (e.g. drug metabolizing enzymes) and pharmacodynamics (e.g. drug targets). These findings have functional implications that could lead to the development of genetic tests aimed at minimizing drug toxicity and optimizing drug efficacy in cardiovascular medicine.en© 2011 Elsevier. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Pharmacology & Therapeutics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol 133, issue 3, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.11.002.PharmacogeneticsGenome-wide association studyPersonalized therapyPatient-to-patient variabilityPolymorphismsPharmacokineticsPharmacodynamicsPostprint Article