Thornley, ReeceCook, RobinSpencer, MatthewParr, Catherine LucyHenley, Michelle2024-12-112024-12-112024-01Thornley, R., Cook, R., Spencer, M., Parr, C. L., & Henley, M. (2024). Interspecific competition between ants and African honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata) may undermine the effectiveness of elephant beehive– deterrents in Africa. Conservation Science and Practice, 6(1), e13041. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13041.2578-4854 (online)10.1111/csp2.13041http://hdl.handle.net/2263/99876DATA AVAILABITY STATEMENT: Please contact the corresponding author for data access requests.Beehive deterrents are commonly used to mitigate human–elephant conflict and protect woody vegetation. To ensure hive activity, reduce abscondment risks, and maintain deterrent effectiveness, resident bee colonies require supplementary feeding during periods of low resource availability. However, our study found that ants frequently consume the supplementary feed in open feeders intended for bees. Anoplolepis custodiens was the most numerically dominant species that excluded bees from the feeders, followed by Camponotus and Crematogaster spp. With higher ant abundance, the predicted probability of zero bees being present at feeders increased up to 82%. This competition may undermine the efficacy of beehive deterrents as a conflict mitigation tool. We developed a simple and effective ant exclusion method that raised the overall predicted probability of bees' presence at supplementary feeding stations from 32% to 68%. Our findings suggest that innovative solutions to exclude ants from supplementary feed may improve the implementation and success of this conflict mitigation method across Africa.en© 2023 The Authors. Open Access. Conservation Science and Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Conservation Biology.ApidaeBeehive deterrentsConflict mitigationElephants managementFormicidaeHuman–wildlife conflictInsect ecologyLoxodonta africanaSDG-12: Responsible consumption and productionSDG-15: Life on landHoneybee (Apis mellifera)African elephant (Loxodonta africana)Article