Cohen, CherylTshangela, AkhonaValley-Omar, ZiyaadIyengar, PreethaVon Mollendorf, ClaireWalaza, SibongileHellferscee, OrienkaVenter, MarietjieMartinson, NeilMahlase, GethwanaMcMorrow, Meredith L.Cowling, Benjamin J.Treurnicht, Florette K.Cohen, Adam L.Tempia, Stefano2019-12-062019-05Cohen, C., Tshangela, A., Valley-Omar, Z. et al. Household transmission of seasonal influenza from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals in South Africa, 2013-2014. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 219, Issue 10, 15 May 2019, Pages 1605–1615, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy702. .0022-1899 (print)1537-6613 (online)10.1093/infdis/jiy702http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72534BACKGROUND : We estimated the household secondary infection risk (SIR) and serial interval (SI) for influenza transmission from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected index cases. METHODS : Index cases were the first symptomatic person in a household with influenza-like illness, testing influenza positive on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from household contacts every 4 days were tested by rRT-PCR. Factors associated with SIR were evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS : We enrolled 28 HIV-infected and 57 HIV-uninfected index cases. On multivariable analysis, HIV-infected index cases were less likely to transmit influenza to household contacts (odds ratio [OR] 0.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–0.6; SIR 16%, 18/113 vs 27%, 59/220). Factors associated with increased SIR included index age group 1–4 years (OR 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2–11.3) and 25–44 years (OR 8.0; 95% CI, 1.8–36.7), and contact age group 1–4 years (OR 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2–10.3) compared to 5–14 years, and sleeping with index case (OR 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3–5.5). HIV infection of index case was not associated with SI. CONCLUSIONS : HIV-infection was not associated with SI. Increased infectiousness of HIV-infected individuals is likely not an important driver of community influenza transmission.en© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Infectious Diseases following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is : 'Household transmission of seasonal influenza from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals in South Africa, 2013-2014', Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol. 219, no. 10. pp. 1605-1615, 2019. doi : , is available online at : https://academic.oup.com/jid.InfluenzaHouseholdTransmissionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)South Africa (SA)Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)HIV infectionSecondary infection risk (SIR)Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR)Postprint Article