Koleini, FarahnazColomban, PhilippePikirayi, Innocent2020-02-182020-02Koleini, F., Colomban, P. & Pikirayi, I. et al. 2020, 'Post-15th century european glass beads in southern Africa : composition and classification using pXRF and Raman spectroscopy', Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, vol. 29, art. 102183, pp. 1-10.2352-409X10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102183http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73410Supplementary data 1.Supplementary data 2.Supplementary data 3.A hundred and twenty-seven glass beads found at the archaeological sites in southern Africa were analysed using pXRF and Raman spectroscopy. The beads are identified as European productions on the basis of their composition and morphology. Six identified glass groups are soda-based plant ash (61%), potash-rich wood ash (14%), synthetic soda (8%), mixed alkali (4%), lead-soda (22%) and natron (4%). Except for soda-based plant ashes and natron (outliers), all the groups date back to the 19th century. Calcium antimonate (Ca2Sb2O7) detected in most of the soda-based plant ash glasses (87%) indicated that some of the beads had been imported from Europe since the 17th century.en© 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Archaeological Science : Reports. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Journal of Archaeological Science : Reports, vol. 29, art. 102183, pp. 1-10, 2020. doi : 10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102183.Trade glass beadsProvenanceEuropePigmentsSouthern AfricapXRFRaman spectroscopyPostprint Article