Botha, C.J. (Christoffel Jacobus)Venter, ElnaUniversity of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences. Section Pharmacology and Toxicology2008-12-222008-12-222002Botha, CJ & Venter, E 2002, 'Plants poisonous to livestock Southern Africa (CD-ROM)' University of Pretoria, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pretoria, South Africa.http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8512Colour photos. Final web-ready size: JPEG. Photo 1: 19.2 kb, 72 ppi; Photo 2: 7.18 kb, 72 ppi; Photo 3: 14.6 kb, 1350 ppi; Photo 4: 35.8 kb, 72 ppi; Photo 5: 16.9 kb, 96 ppi. Original TIFF file housed at the Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Pretoria.DISTRIBUTION: Lupins are cultivated chiefly in the southern and south-western areas of the Cape province as a fodder crop.BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION: Lupinus spp.: General: Spreading, erect, annual herb about 60 cm high. Leaves: Digitally compound with 7 to 11 narrow leaflets Flowers: Golden yellow, blue, white or pink. Fragrant and borne at the ends of branches. Fruit: The flat pod is slightly hairy and contains 4-5 seeds. • Phomopsis leptostromiformis (Diaporthe toxica) is a phytopathogen of most Lupinus spp. • Also grows saprophytically on the dead host under favourable conditions.TOXIC PRINCIPLE: Cyclic hexapeptides. Phomopsin A – the principle toxin. Relatively stable toxin.SYNDROMES: Hepatogenous photosensitivity primarily due to liver parenchymal damage.SYSTEMS AFFECTED: Liver.CLINICAL SIGNS: Acute lupinosis: • Sheep become sick in 2-3 days after lethal dose and die in 4-8 days. • Anorexia • Ruminal stasis• Constipation• Weakness• Icterus - Photosensitivity rare, but occurs Chronic syndrome: • Same as above, plus weight loss.NECROPSY: Macroscopical findings: 1. Hepatosis Acute: white (also orange-yellow) swollen, fatty liver Chronic: markedly atrophic (especially left side, so-called boxing glove liver) fibrotic, nodular regeneration 2. Icterus 3. GI stasis.HISTOPATHOLOGY: • Fatty degeneration, cholestasis • Anisonucleosis, megalocytosis, multinucleation and nuclear vesiculation.TREATMENT: Symptomatic and supportive.©University of Pretoria. Dept. of Paraclinical Sciences, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology (Original and digital). Provided for educational purposes only. It may not be downloaded, reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the original copyright holder. Any attempt to circumvent the access controls placed on this file is a violation of copyright laws and is subject to criminal prosecution. Please contact the collection administrator for copyright issues.Plant poisoningToxicologyPlant poisoning in animalsPoisonous plantsHepatogenousPhotosensitivityHexapeptidesPhomopsinPhytopathogenLupinosisPoisonous plants -- Toxicology -- Africa, SouthernVeterinary toxicologyStill Image