Yatat Djeumen, Ivric ValaireDumont, YvesDoizy, A.Couteron, P.2021-05-112021-05-112021-01Djeumen, I.V.Y., Dumont, Y., Doizy, A. et al. 2021, 'A minimalistic model of vegetation physiognomies in the savanna biome', Ecological Modelling, vol. 440, art. 109381, pp. 1-24.0304-3800 (print)1872-7026 (online)10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109381http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79849We present and analyze a model aiming at recovering, as dynamical outcomes of fire-mediated tree–grass interactions, the wide range of vegetation physiognomies observable in the savanna biome along rainfall gradients at regional/continental scales. The model is based on two ordinary differential equations (ODE), for woody and grass biomass. It is parameterized from literature with respect to the African context and retains mathematical tractability, since we restricted it to the main processes, notably tree–grass asymmetric interactions (either facilitative or competitive) and the grass-fire feedback. We used a fully qualitative analysis to derive all possible long term dynamics and express them in a bifurcation diagram in relation to mean annual rainfall and fire frequency. We delineated domains of monostability (forest, grassland, savanna), of bistability (e.g. forest–grassland or forest–savanna) and even tristability. Notably, we highlighted regions in which two savanna equilibria may be jointly stable (possibly in addition to forest or grassland). We verified that common knowledge about decreasing woody biomass with increasing fire frequency is verified for all levels of rainfall, contrary to previous attempts using analogous ODE frameworks. Thus, our framework appears able to render more realistic and diversified outcomes than often thought of regarding ODE. Our model can help figure out the ongoing dynamics of savanna vegetation in large territories for which local data are sparse or absent. To explore the bifurcation diagram with different combinations of the model parameters, we have developed a user-friendly R-Shiny application freely available at : https://gitlab.com/cirad-apps/tree-grass.en© 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Ecological Modelling. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. A definitive version was subsequently published in Ecological Modelling, vol. 440, art. 109381, pp. 1-24, 2021. doi : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109381.ForestSavannaGrasslandMean annual rainfallFiresOrdinary differential equation (ODE)Alternative stable statesQualitative analysisSensitivity analysisBifurcation diagramR shiny appPreprint Article