Jobson, Geoffrey A.Tucker, AndrewDe Swardt, GlennRebe, KevinStruthers, HelenMcIntyre, JamesPeters, Remco P.H.2018-11-142018Geoffrey Jobson, Andrew Tucker, Glenn de Swardt, Kevin Rebe, Helen Struthers, James McIntyre & Remco Peters (2018) Gender identity and HIV risk among men who have sex with men in Cape Town, South Africa, AIDS Care, 30:11, 1421-1425, DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1465175.0954-0121 (print)1360-0451 (online)10.1080/09540121.2018.1465175http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67254Gender identity plays a potentially important role contributing to HIV risk among MSM in South Africa. Where studies have included a focus on gender identity, MSM reporting gender non-conformity have been found to have a higher risk of being HIV positive than other MSM. This article examines HIV risk among gender non-conforming MSM in a sample of 316 MSM in Cape Town, South Africa. Reporting gender non-conformity was associated with higher HIV prevalence and increased HIV risk behaviour. Gender non-conformity was also associated with a higher likelihood of being unemployed and reporting low household incomes. These findings highlight the importance of gender-identity as a factor affecting access to HIV treatment, care, and prevention in South Africa and this is an issue that needs to be addressed in interventions targeting MSM populations.en© 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an electronic version of an article published in AIDS Care, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1421-1425, 2018. doi : 10.1080/09540121.2018.1465175. AIDS Care is available online at : http://www.tandfonline.comloi/caic20.Men who have sex with men (MSM)South Africa (SA)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)Gender non-conformityPostprint Article