Carlson, ReneTugizimana, FideleSteenkamp, Paul A.Dubery, Ian A.Labuschagne, Nico2020-08-052020-08-052019-07Carlson, R., Tugizimana, F., Steenkamp, P.A. et al. 2019, 'Differential metabolic reprogramming in paenibacillus alvei-primed sorghum bicolor seedlings in response to fusarium pseudograminearum infection', Metabolites, vol. 9, no. 7, art. 150, pp. 1-17.2218-1989 (online)10.3390/metabo9070150http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75588Supplementary Materials: Figure S1. (A) Microscopic identification of F. pseudograminearum at 400 × magnification. (B) Conidial morphology of F. pseudograminearum taken from Aoki et al. [65]. Figure S2. UHPLC-HDMS BPI chromatograms of ESI-positive data indicating the metabolomic profiles of untreated (black), naïve infected (blue) and primed infected (green) stems obtained at 1 d.p.i. with F. pseudograminearum. Figure S3. UHPLC-HDMS BPI chromatograms of ESI-positive data indicating the metabolomic profiles of untreated (black), naïve infected (blue) and primed infected (green) leaves obtained at 1 d.p.i. with F. pseudograminearum. Figure S4. PCA score/scatter plot of stem samples computed from ESI-positive data. Figure S5. PCA score/scatter plot of leaf samples computed from ESI-positive data. Figure S6. PCA score/scatter plot of root samples computed from ESI-negative data. Figure S7. PCA score/scatter plot of stems samples computed from ESI-negative data. Figure S8. PCA score/scatter plot of leaves samples computed from ESI-negative data. Figure S9. OPLS-DA modelling and variable/feature selection ESI-positive data (stem samples). Figure S10. OPLS-DA modelling and variable/feature selection ESI-positive data (leaf samples). Table S1. Summary of the description and validation of all the generated OPLS-DA models separating naïve versus primed S. bicolor plants. Figure S11. Summary of pathway analysis with MetPA. Figure S12. Venn diagram comparing the number of metabolites shown in Table 2 that were significantly upregulated at 1 d.p.i. (blue), 4 d.p.i. (yellow) and 7 d.p.i. (green) with F. pseudograminearum in primed versus naïve S. bicolor seedlings.Metabolic changes in sorghum seedlings in response to Paenibacillus alvei (NAS-6G6)-induced systemic resistance against Fusarium pseudograminearum crown rot were investigated by means of untargeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high definition mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HDMS). Treatment of seedlings with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium P. alvei at a concentration of 1 × 108 colony forming units mL- 1 prior to inoculation with F. pseudograminearum lowered crown rot disease severity significantly at the highest inoculum dose of 1 × 106 spores mL-1. Intracellular metabolites were subsequently methanol-extracted from treated and untreated sorghum roots, stems and leaves at 1, 4 and 7 days post inoculation (d.p.i.) with F. pseudograminearum. The extracts were analysed on an UHPLC-HDMS platform, and the data chemometrically processed to determine metabolic profiles and signatures related to priming and induced resistance. Significant treatment-related differences in primary and secondary metabolism post inoculation with F. pseudograminearum were observed between P. alvei-primed versus naïve S. bicolor seedlings. The differential metabolic reprogramming in primed plants comprised of a quicker and/or enhanced upregulation of amino acid-, phytohormone-, phenylpropanoid-, flavonoid- and lipid metabolites in response to inoculation with F. pseudograminearum.en© 2019 The Authors. Licensee: MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license 4.0.Article