Molokoane, Tumelo L.Kemboi, DouglasSiwe-Noundou, XavierFamuyide, Ibukun MichaelMcGaw, Lyndy JoyTembu, Vuyelwa J.2024-09-132024-09-132023-10Molokoane, T.L.; Kemboi, D.; Siwe-Noundou, X.; Famuyide, I.M.; McGaw, L.J.; Tembu, V.J. Extractives from Artemisia afra with Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Fungal Properties. Plants 2023, 12, 3369. https://DOI.org/10.3390/plants12193369.2223-7747 (online)10.3390/plants12193369http://hdl.handle.net/2263/98203SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL : TABLE S1: 1H ( H; J, Hz) NMR (400 MHZ) data for compounds A–H in CDCl3, MeOD and DMSO; TANLE S2: 13C ( c) (100.6 MHz) NMR data for compounds A–H in CDCl3, MeOD and DMSO and S2, FIGURES SA.1–SH.68: Spectral data for compounds (A–H).Secondary metabolites were isolated using chromatographic techniques after being extracted sequentially from the roots of Artemisia afra using organic solvents such as ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and n-hexane. The isolated compounds were evaluated for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxicity activities. Spectroscopic techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds. The phytochemical investigation of A. afra led to the isolation of eight (A–H) compounds which were identified as 3b-taraxerol (A), 3b-taraxerol acetate (B), dodecyl-p-coumarate (C), ferulic acid (D), scopoletin (E), sitosterol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (F), 3,5-di-O-feruloylquinic acid (G) and Isofraxidin-7-O-b-Dglucopyranoside (H) based on spectroscopic data. Compounds A, B, C, F, G, and H are known but were isolated for the first time from the roots of A. afra. The isolated compounds and extracts from A. afra exhibited good anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity with dichloromethane and ethyl acetate crude extracts (0.078 mg/mL) and compound E (62.5 g/mL) showed good activities against Escherichia coli. Compounds C and F also showed good activity against Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 and 31.25 g/mL, respectively. Extracts and compounds (A–H) exhibited anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties and showed no toxicity when tested on Vero monkey kidney (Vero) cells.en© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.Artemisia afraExtractivesAnti-bacterialAnti-fungalCytotoxicityNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS)Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)SDG-15: Life on landArticle